适应科学综合化发展的国外高等工程教育改革

The Reformation of Inter national Higher Engineering Education under the Context of the Subject Integration

科学的分化本来是人类深入认识世界的产物，但是却不可避免地割裂了人类对世界的整体性认识。20世纪年代以后，科学向综合化方向发展，根本目的在于要重新认识世界的复染性、整体性和不确定性，大工程教育观就是这种综合化趋趋势在工程教育领域的具体体现。现代工程不仅包括技术层面的要求，更要考虑社会、经济、环境、生态、文化、伦理等非技术层面的因素；这对高等工程教育改革提出了新的要求。

The subjects’ differentiation is the result of the human beings’ deeper understanding of the world. But it can unavoidably disserve the integrity of the cognition. After the 1950s， the purpose of the subjects integrated development is to re─understand the complexity， integrity and uncertainty of the world. The thought of large─engineering is a embodiment of the integrated development in engineering education. Modern engineer includes the connotation not only of technology， but also of non─technology as society， economic， environment， ecology， culture and ethic etc. Thus is needs the higher engineering education must be reformed.