平民教育的流變和當代發展

Civilian Education in China: History and Current Development

在五四新文化运动中发韧的平民教育，在理论层面上与大众教育、普及教育、公民教育等同构；在操作层面上，主要面向农村、难民、贫民等弱势群体；在教育理论上，凭借的主要是进步主义教育资源，如陶行知的生活教育理论。1949年之后，在实现工业化和移植苏联模式的社会变迁中，毛泽东发起的教育革命对城市化取向的批评、对工农及其子弟教育权益的关注，仍隐含了这一价值。当代平民教育、”穷人教育学”实践，重新强调面向大多数人的价值，重视面向农村、农民工及其子女等弱势群体的教育，倡导”平民化的教育”，坚持教育平等、教育民主的价值。

Civilian education which originated in the May Fourth New Culture Movement in the early 20th century has theoretically integrated with mass education， universal education and citizenship education in China. In practice Civilian Education served the disadvantaged people with least education such as peasants， refugees， and paupers. In educational theory， civilian education rooted in progressive education such as life education theory brought forward by Tao Xingzhi. Since 1949， during the course of social change of industrialization and replanting the USSR model， the educational revolution led by Mao Zedong criticized city-oriented education and drew attention to the educational rights of workers and peasants and their children. Currently the resurgence of civilian education and “pedagogy of the poor” not only serve the disadvantaged people such as rural people and their children， but also serve as an educational theory which reiterates values of educational equity and democracy.