北京市理工科大学生就业市场调查研究

An Employment Survey of Graduates of Science and Engineering Universities in Beijing

本文通过建立的经济模型对大学生就业市场进行两种经济学解释，即”价格刚性”解释和”价格机制”有效”解释”，并通过对清华大学、北京航空大学、北京理工大学、北京交通大学四所院校进行问卷调查和走访，考察分析了究意是哪一种经驾学解释更适用于大学生就业市场。在就业市场上，市场调节不但是有效的，而且起主要作用。社会上普遍认为的大学生就业难问题并不是经济学角度的”失业”问题，且并非完全是高校扩招带来的直接后果。社会大众意义上的”就业难”与”失业”在经济学角度来看更多地是指”自愿性失业”和”职业搜索”过程中的”摩拨性失业”，这些可以通过市场调节、适当降低就业期望和完善就业信息系统得到解决。

This study proposes two economic models for explaining graduate job market─price rigidity model and price efficiency model， and tests them through surveys of four science and engineering universities in Beijing─Tsinghua University， Beijing University Aeronautics & Astronautics， Beijing Institute of Technology， and Beijing Jiaotong University. The main results are as the following：market mechanism plays major role in graduate job market；the difficulty for graduate job hunting is neither a pure economic issue of unemployment nor a direct causal outcome of higher education expansion， instead， it is more， but voluntary and frictional unemployment；measures such as market adjustment， reducing employment expectations and improving employment information system may help to facility graduate job hunting.