学习者在线学习倾向的研究

A Positive Research on Online Learners’ Learning Orientations

病因的Margaret Martinez等人在1997─1999的研究中，提出了在线学习倾向这一概念，并将它分了四种类型：变通型、实干型、顺应型和逆反型。Martinez等人认为在线学习者的学习倾向是引起个体学习差异的主要因素，它是影响习差异的最外层，正因为学习倾向不同，才使得人们的学习偏好、学习风格、学习能力和认知等方面的不同。本研究旨在通过本地化问卷调查，从心理纬度调查我国在线学习者的在线学习情感投入度、在线学习策略及自治力等方面的情况，并以此求证Martinez等人的在线学习倾向模型是否符合我国在线学习者的实际情况，用以指导网络学习环境的分析、设计、开发、实施和评估工作，为建立”以学习者为主体”的个性化的在线学习环境提供理论依据和实践指导。

Learning orientations describe an individual’s disposition to approach， manage and achieve learning intentionally and differently from others. They suggest that cognitive aspects are a dominant impact on how people learn differently， and more or less successfully. We did investigations to Chinese online learners through dispatching the 1998 questionnaire so as to explore online learners’ learning orientations in China， especially their desires to learn， learning independence and learning strategies， thus helping instructors to design more effective instructional environments and strategies that support individual differences and foster learning ability.