西方人文主义传统与欧洲中世纪大学

The Western Humanism Tradition and the Medieval Universities in Europe

中世纪后期，西方人文主义传统的复兴带来了西欧学术界和思想界的重大变革。它不仅有力地推动了中世纪大学的形成，并使之逐渐发展成具有较为规范和制度化的学制、学位制度、院系设置、教学内容，以及具有一定的自治权和学术自由传统的旨在进行理智训练的教育机构，而且对于保存和传播古希腊罗马人文主义传统、冲破中世纪神学一统天下以及启迪欧洲人的心智具有重要意义，也为14世纪的文艺复兴奠定了基础。

In the late Middle Ages， the renaissance of the western humanism tradition brought a significant transformation in the academia and ideological circle of Western European. It is not only a strong impetus to the formation of the medieval universities， but also makes them gradually develop into educational institutions for intellectual training with comparatively normative and institutionalized length of schooling， degree system， colleges setups， teaching contents， and certain autonomy and academic freedom. It also had great significance for preserving and disseminating the ancient Greek-Roman humanism tradition， breaking through the dominance of medieval theology and enlightening the mind of Europeans， and laid the foundation for the Renaissance in 14th century.