我国义务教育教师的国家教育公务员法律身份及其保障制度

The Research on the Legal Identity of Teachers in China's Compulsory Education as National Education Civil Servants and Its Guarantee System

教师的法律身份是关于教师与其他各类教育主体之间法律关系的规定，是建构教师权利、责任与义务体系的核心依据。明确教师的法律身份是教师队伍建设中的前置性与根本性问题。我国现行相关法律对义务教育教师法律身份界定不明已经严重影响了教师权益保障与队伍建设。当前，以法律形式确立义务教育公办教师的国家教育公务员身份是我国义务教育事业发展的必然选择与现实需求，同时应抓紧研究建立国家教育公务员制度以及相关的职业、待遇、培训、法律救助和监督问责等保障机制与配套政策。

Teachers' legal identity is the provision about the legal relationship between teachers and other educational subjects of different types. It is the core basis of the construction of the system of teachers' rights， responsibility and obligation. Clarifying teachers' legal identity is prepositive and fundamental to the construction of teaching staff. The indefinite teachers' legal identity in China's compulsory education in current laws has seriously influenced the protection of teachers' interest and the construction of teaching staff. Currently， establishing the identity of public school teachers in compulsory education as national education civil servants in legal form is the inevitable choice and practical requirement of the development of China's compulsory education. Meanwhile， it is urgent to make research into the establishment of the system of national education civil servants as well as the related guarantee mechanisms and supporting policies for the occupation， payment， training， law assistance and supervision accountability.