[策学]与科举学

Ce-Xue and Keju-Xue

策学之名最早出现于隋代，是一个比科举学出现得更早的古老的词语。经过唐宋元明清的发展，策学与中国科举史相始终，曾经盛行过一千三百年。古代的策学就是准备应对经学、史学和百科知识考试的一门专学，是指备考科举中的策问而出现的专门之学。清代策学进入一个全盛时期，不仅策学文献种类繁多、发行量大，而且推陈出新，到晚清时期，还出现许多以西学或自然科学为内容的策学著作。策学文献对研究当时的科举制度尤其是其考试内容有直接的价值，从策问题目和对策内容往往可以看出当时社会关注的重点、政治方向和文风的变迁，并为研究当时学术和文化提供一种特别的史料。策学研究成果日益丰硕，将从一个方面促使科举学走向繁荣。

The name "Ce-Xue", which means "the study of strategy" first appeared in the Sui Dynasty. It is an ancient word that appeared much earlier than "Keju-Xue", which means "the study of imperial examination". Accompanied with the history of imperial examination, "Ce-Xue" had been popular for about 1300 years, through Tang, Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties. The ancient "Ce-Xue" was a specific study on how to prepare the examination on classical literature study, historiography and encyclopedic knowledge; it was a specific study on how to deal with the questions in the imperial examination. The development of "Ce-Xue" came into its prime time in Qing Dynasty. During the period, there was a wide range of "Ce-Xue" literatures with large circulation and the new ones brought forth through the old. Till the late of Qing Dynasty, there were still many "Ce-Xue" literatures on western study or natural science. So the literatures of "Ce-Xue" had its direct value for the study of the imperial examination system at that time, especially the study of the content in examination. Examination questions and the content for countermeasure indicate the focus of the society, the direction of politics and the changes of culture and costumes during that period. They were also special historical data for the study of academic and culture during that period. The increasingly fruitful studies on "Ce-Xue" would improve and promote the prosperity of study of imperial examination.