科层和专业组织框架下的学校领导力研究－以Y地区为个案

School Leadership Research within the Framework of Bureaucratic and Professional Organization--a Case Study of Y Region

在社会转型与新课程改革背景下，中国基础教育领域中的学校领导力具有什幺样的特征？以Y地区为案例揭示出：在现阶段学校领导力的分布中，科层和专业体系二者并非泾渭分明，而是相互作用；学校行政管理人员往往同时具备专业领域领导者的地位，这种双重身份有助于其在学校工作中发挥领导和影响力；普通教师在专业领域中发挥领导力的机会远远大于其参与学校行政事务的机会；新课改带来的对教学探索和创新的肯定，为行政和专业地位不足的青年教师发挥领导力带来机会；班主任是学校组织中特有的超越科层与专业体系的特殊群体，其发挥领导力的途径和方式特别值得研究。与中学相比，小学的组织结构较为扁平化，决策更加开放，更强调团队合作，这种结构特征在一定程度上可能消弭存在于科层和专业体系之间的界限，使学校中所有行动者的力量更能够为学校的发展愿景所统合。除此之外，在学校传统的层级之外，项目推进的方式会产生新的领导位置，也能够激发学校中各个层次的行动者跨越层级发挥其领导力。

In the context of social transformation and the new curriculum reform， what's feature of the school leadership in the field of China's basic education? In this paper， as the case of Y region reveals: in the distribution of school leadership， bureaucratic and professional system was not clearly distinguished， but interactions. School administrators are often at the same time leaders in professional field， this double identity contributes to their leadership. Teacher's professional status contributes to their leadership in school affairs. Ordinary teacher plays a leadership role more often in the professional field than in school affairs. However， the new curriculum reform encourage teacher to explore and make innovation in teaching， which provide opportunity for young teachers lack of administrative and professional status to play a leading edge. the class teacher is a special group across bureaucratic and professional system， its ways and means to play leadership is worth further study. Compared with secondary school， primary school organization structure is relatively flat， decision-making more open， and more emphasis on teamwork， this kind of structural characteristics may eliminate the boundaries existing between bureaucratic and professional systems， and integrate all actors to make efforts for school vision. In addition， the way ahead with the project will produce new leadership positions， and can inspire all actors across the hierarchy to play its leadership.