质性研究中的多重研究关系和伦理”雷区”：一位行动研究者的自反性思考

The Multi─layered Relationship and the Ethical Minefield in Qualitative Inquires：An Action Researcher’s Reflection

究者不应局限于客观地观察和记录研究者的生活，还应充分反思自己在建构知识的过程中所扮演的角色，并充分”赋权”被研究者。基于平等的对话，被研究者才能够成为思考和行动的主体；研究所获得的知识才能在最大程度上摆脱意识形态的扭曲。在这篇论文中，作者主要回顾自己在一项突出行动性的民族志研究中的经验。通过反身性思考，本文揭示了研究关系的多重性、复杂性和敏感性，尤其是跨越”虚拟”与”真实”的伦理”雷区”。文章主要探讨两大问题：第一，在具体的社会情境中，研究关系是如何逐歩建立起来的？第二 ，整个研究过程遭遇了哪些伦理危机？最佳解决途是什么？作者对这些问题的讨论为今后的行动研究提供了一些与社会情境紧密相联的”经验性智能”。这些经验可以帮助行动研究逐渐适应我国的具体国情，真正调动其广大一线教师的参与积极性。

Only by equal conversation， can participants become initiative in thinking and action and the knowledge gained form the research least likely to be twisted by the ideology. In this article， by reviewing the experience in an ethnographic study which emphasized action， the author makes a reflection and reveals the multi─layered， complicated and sensitive relationship in the research and the ethical “minefield” between ‘virtual” and “real”. The article discusses two questions：firstly， how were social relations established in the specific social context；secondly， what kind of ethical issues did the author encounter while conducting research and what was the best solution？The author’s experience may be useful to other researchers engaged in action research and helpful in making action research gradually fit in the specific situation in China， and motivate the school teachers in a real sense.