属对及其与中小学语文教学的关系 ─ 从陈寅恪的《与刘叔雅论国文试题书》说起

“ZhuDui” and Its Relationship with Chinese Teaching in Elementary and High Schools：Starting from “A Discussion on Chinese Examination Papers with Liu Shuya” by Chen Yinke

属对作为我国传统的语文综合训练，早在20世纪30年代就被陈寅恪等学者所认知，由此引发，讨论属对的基本常识，历史变迁及其当今中小学语文教学的关系，认为：首先，属对是一种极佳的语法训练；其次，属对的训练元素及思路可以运用于阅读教学之中；再次，属对是一种有效的作文训练；最后，属对还是一种特殊的思维训练，有助次学生综合能力的提高。并以此四个方面为依据，结合具体的教学案例，探讨当今中小学语文教学中如何运用属对展开教学的相关问题。

It was earlier in 1930s that some scholars such as Chen Yinke had recognized “ZhuDui” as the traditional comprehensive exercise in Chinese teaching. This article discusses the basic knowledge and historical evolvement of “Zhudui” and its relationship with Chinese teaching in elementary and high schools and indicates that， firstly， “Zhudui” is one of the best ways to frill the grammar；secondly， the element and thought of drilling can be used in reading teaching；thirdly， it is one of the effective means to drill composition；and finally， it is also a special drill of thinking， which may advance the students’ all─around capability. Based on the four aspects mentioned above and special teaching cases， the paper discusses how to use “Zhudui” in Chinese teaching in elementary and high schools.