超越知识取向的投入控制和能力取向的产出控制：论经验、学习和教学之间的关系

Beyond the Knowledge ─ oriented Input ─ control and Competence ─ oriented Output ─ control：on the Relationship between Experience, Learning and Teaching

从两个部分探讨了在欧洲在美国的现实的教育研究以及学校改革中所遗忘的经验、学习和教学之间的关系。第一部分（1─3）考察一个当代有待观察的趋势，即教育系统中的投入控制向产出控制的转变，指出这种转变以及两个控制模式和教─学过程的自身逻辑之间的矛盾，并借助柏拉图的”洞喻”探讨了超越投入─产出的经验、教学和学习之间的教育性的相互作用。第二部分（4─7）则从哲学史和科学史中发展起来的、对经验、教学和学习的不同理论的角度论述了教学和学习的逻辑，并从这些理论的主要的方法问题来梳理被教育研究和改革所遗忘的种种关系，最后指出，培养判断能力和参与能力是公立教育的任务。

This paper divided into two parts explores the forgotten relationships between experience， learning and teaching in educational reform and research. The first part examines the becoming trend of turning from knowledge─oriented input─control to competence─oriented output─control， points out the contradiction of this trend and the two control─models to the self logic of learning and teaching， and explores the educating interaction between experience， learning and teaching beyond the two control─models；the second part discusses the logic of learning and teaching in terms of different models of experience， learning different theories are explained basing on their main questions， indicating the forgotten relationships by educational research and reform. This paper ends with the emphasis that developing of ability of reasoning and participation is the main task of public schools.