论知识与大学组织的历史性和社会性

On Historicity and Sociality of Knowledge and University

围绕着知识本身与知识组织形式的历史性和社会性命题，采用历史和比较的研究方法，考察了知识系统在西方国家的表现形式。知识的历史性，集中地表现为专业化和综合化两种相反且相关的发展趋势。知识组织即在大学组织的历史性，集中地表现为”学系─学院”或”研究所─学部”和”研究中心”的建立和制度化。知识的社会性，集中地表现为知识门类的不同社会属性、学科等级性、知识分布的非均衡性和多元知识观等方面。知识组织即大学组织的社会性，集中地表现为学科组织形式的相对地位、西方大学模式的主导地位、多种大学组织模式以及多元知识观下教师学术行为之差异等方面。

Based on the proposition on historicity and sociality of knowledge and university， this paper employs historical and comparative approaches and explores the form of knowledge system presented in western countries. Historically of knowledge is represented in two contrary but related trends， namely， specialization and integration；historicity of knowledge organization╱university is represented in the establishment and institutionalization of “department and school‘” or “institute and faculty”， and ‘research centre”. Socially of knowledge is represented in the different social nature and hierarchy of disciplines， uneven distribution of knowledge， and diversified views of knowledge. Sociality of knowledge organization╱university is represented in the correspondent status of the organizational form of disciplinary， dominance of western university models， diversity of western university models， and academic behavioural differences among teachers who have different knowledge views.