谁是真正的继承者？ ─ 论维果茨基的理论及基对马克思思想的”继承”

Who is the “Real” Successor？─ On Vygotsky’s thory and its “Succession” To Marxism

在20世纪初的苏联，很多的心理学者都力图借用马克思主义的思想来建构自己的心理学体系。作为马克思的继承者，维果茨基深刻的意识到”继承”不是以马克思主义方法取代心理学方法；真正的”继承”应该是采用马克思的思想方法，回到心理学的具体问题中建立自己的”元理论”。在此基础上，维果茨基接受了马克思对于人的发展的两个基本假设 ─ 将人的心理视为环境的产物，内在的智力起源于活动，并采用历史的、整体的、发生的、比较的心理学方法，针对人的高级心理机能进行考察，最终建构起独特的”文化─历史学派”。

In the early of the 20th century， a lot of psychologists tried to make use of the Marxism to construct their new psychological theory. As a successor to Marxism， Vygotsky recognized that to succeed the theory didn’t mean to replace the psychology approach by Marxism approach. To succeed is to make use of the logic of Marxism and then return to psychological issues to develop the meta─theory of psychology. Based on these ideas， Vygostsky accepted the two hypothesis of Marxism about human development， that is， the human psychology is the product of the environment， and the intelligence comes form action. And he developed the historical， holistic， generant， comparative approaches of psychology and explored that advanced psychological enginery. Eventually， Vygotsky developed the school of cultural─historical psychology.