试论老庄道德教育的减法原理

The “Subtraction Principle” in Moral Education ─ A Study on Thoughts of Moral and Moral Education of Lao Tsse and Chuang Tse

针对儒家的仁义道德教育，老庄提出了道德教育的减法原理。他们认为，道德境界是不可以通过教来达到的：们们不能像传授自然知识那样，通过传授道德知识让一个人变得道德；在道德教育上，知识的积累是无效的，儒家的道德教育不仅没有使人变得更道德，反而造成了道德的进一歩堕落。符合自然的道德教育，应该沿着相反的方向进行，即通过减损知识进而减损人的欲望，清除文明对于人的心灵的污染，复现人的素朴本性。

As for the moral education on Benevolence and Justice of Confucian school， Lao Tse and Chuang Tse raised the subtraction principle of moral education. They held the following ideas：moral realm can’t be achieved through instruction；it’s hard to make a person moral by instructing him moral knowledge as teaching him natural knowledge；in moral education， the accumulation of knowledge is futile， and the moral education of Confucian School， rather than make an individual more moral， leads to the degradation of his moral. The moral education matching the human nature should be implemented in the opposite direction. That is， it should be done by lessening people’s desire by way of lessening people’s knowledge， clearing the pollution of human spirit by civilization and picking up again the human nature of simplicity and plainness.