中小学择校问题的实证研究 ─基于北京市中小学的调查

The Empirical Study on School Choice ─ Based on the Survey of Elementary and Secondary Schools in Beijing

通过对北京市中小学择校情况的大规模调查，该文分析了择校现状、择校原因以及择校中存在的问题，并提出了相应的政策性建议，调查发现，多数北京市学生家长、学校领导、教师对择校是持赞同态度的，他们认为择校可以满足家长、学生的愿望，有利充分利用、开发优质教育资源；通过交纳择校费和根据孩子的特长进行择校是北京市中小学生主要的择校途径；教育经费不足是收取择校费的主要原因。基于研究结果，提出在我国实行以分择校为主体、以交纳定额择校费为补充的择校制度是效率与公平兼顾、解决教育供需矛盾的现实政策选择。

Through the large─scale survey into school choice situation in Beijing Elementary and middle schools， this article analyzes the situation， reason as well as the problems of school choice， and puts forward the corresponding policy proposals. The survey shows that most guardians， the school leaders and the teachers hold the approval manner to school choice. They think that school choice can satisfy the guardians’ and students’ desire and make full use of and develop high quality education resources；to pay school choice fees and select school according to child’s special skill are the main ways of school choice in Beijing；the educational expenditure insufficiency is the primary motive for the school to collect the choice fee. Based on the findings， we propose that the school choice system takes the score─based choice as the main body， and takes the fee─based choice as the supplement in order to balance the efficiency and equity to solve the education contradictory of supply and demand.