制度理解的中西检视及我国教育政策执行的制度选择

The Institution Choice in Educational Implementation of China: Review on Institutional Understanding between the West and the Orient

不同的制度理解会导致不同的制度选择，不同的制度选择会影响不同的教育政策执行，不同的教育政策执行又体现了不同的教育政策价值，而不同的教育政策价值本身就是教育制度内涵的显性体现。中西方在制度理解上存在着相对意义上的主流与非主流理解之分。主流的制度理解包括宪制理论和体制理论、规则理论、秩序理论和系统(环境)理论等相互囊括而又各具特色学说；非主流制度理解包括约定(习俗)论、集团论、关系论、诱致论等彼此独立又相互渗透的观点。除此以外，我国学者还对制度的手段论、教化论、传承论和实践论等有独到的见解。我国教育政策执行相应的制度选择是以非主流的制度理解奠定其合理性基础，以主流的制度理解架构其合法性基础，保障教育政策的有效执行。

Different institutional understanding will cause different institution choices， which influence the educational implementation. Different educational implementation indicates different educational policy value， which shows the real meaning of educational institution. On institutional understanding between the West and the Orient， we have a popular view and a view held by less people. The former one holds that institutional understanding includes constitutional theory， system theory， regulation theory， method theory and the systematic theory， which have relations with each other， while the latter one thinks that such understanding includes custom theory， group theory， and inducement theory， all of which are independent. Moreover， Chinese scholars have their distinctive views on institutional understanding on instrument theory， moral education theory， traditional inheritance theory and practice theory. The rationality of institution choice in educational implementation in China is based on the view held by less while the validity by the popular one so that the education policy could be carried out effectively.