论民国时期的儿童文学与小学语文教材

On the Relationship of Children’s Literature and Chinese Teaching Material of Elementary Schools from 1912 to 1949 in China

儿童文学概念从提出到流行一直与儿童的教育成长问题相伴随，在一定程度上反映了教育思想变革所带来的教育内容的变化。民国时期儿童文学作品的出现，既是清末以来教材实用化、大众化追求的结果，也是儿童本位的课程观得以确立和强化的反映。这一时期的儿童文学作品成为小学国语教材，主要以反复故事和各科知识文学化的形式出现，旨在解决国语教育的文字反复和知识传授所带来的趣味性缺乏问题。儿童文学教材进入国语教科书的豊富和完善过程凸显了三种积绩的尝试，即尝试教材形式的多样化、教才内容的顺利过渡和衔接，以及无意义的拟声词和有意义的动作字词的大量运用。这些探索和尝试对今天的语文教材编写和组织都有重要的启示和借鉴意义。

The concept of Children’s literature from a proposal to being popular is along with the education of children’s growing up. To a certain extent， it reflects the changes in the content of education which is brought about by the ideological changes in education. The works of Children’s literature are the results of practical use in materials and the pursuit of popularity from the Qing Dynasty as well as a reflection of children-based curriculum that can be established and strengthened. During 1912 and 1949， the Children’s literature works has been used as Chinese teaching materials for elementary students for the repetition of Chinese characters in teaching materials and the funniness of subject’s knowledge teaching by repeating some stories and literalizing knowledge of all kinds. And variable forms， coherent content as well as a large number of meaningless onomatopoeia and meaningful verbs has been tried in the teaching material of children’s literature， from which inspiration can be drawn to the selection and organization of Chinese teaching material for today.