系統減敏感法與認知行為治療法對國中學生的焦慮﹑自我觀念與生活適應的效應研究

本研究旨在比較經由系統減敏感法與認知行為治療法訓練與未接受任何指導之高焦慮學生，三者在焦慮、自我觀念及生活適應的改變情形；並進一步探討兩種不同行為輔導其於實驗處理後之持續性效應。 本研究採實驗研究法，以63名高焦慮之國中二年級學生為研究對象，所有成員經以隨機分派至：(1)系統減敏感組（男女各12人）；(2)認知行為治療組（男11人，女12人）；(3)控制組（男女各8人）。所有實驗組均接受為期二個半月總計十八小時的輔導。 統計方法主要採用二因子變異數分析、二因子共變數分析。 本研究主要發現為： 一、兩種行為輔導技術實驗後之效應 1.經過十週的實驗處理，所有實驗組成員在焦慮方面均獲得顯著的減輕，控制組則未有改善。 2.在自我觀念方面的效果，就整體而言，性別與實驗處理間則具有交互作用；亦即系統減敏感男生組在自我觀念的增進；顯然優於同組之女生及認知行為治療男生組。 3.在生活適應方面的效果，性別與實驗處理間均呈交互作用。亦即就性別間言：系統減敏感男生組在生活適應的改善顯然優於同組之女生；認知行為治療女生組則較同組之男生為佳；而控制組男女生則未存有差異。就實驗處理言：在男生方面，系統減敏感組優於認知行為治療組；女生方面，認知行為治療組優於系統減敏感組及控制組。 二、兩種行為輔導技術在實驗處理追蹤期間的效應 系統減敏感法與認知行為治療法在協助高焦慮國中學生減輕其焦慮、增進自我觀念及改善生活適應方面，具有顯著性的持續效應（一個月與兩個月後）。

The purpose of the study was to compare the effects after the treatments of systematic desensitization and cognitive behavior therapy on anxiety， self-concept， adjustment of junior high students. In addition， follow-ups were conducted with both 1 and 2 month intervals to explore the duration of these two experimental treatments. The sample consisted of 63 students with high anxiety， who were randomly assigned to one of these three groups: (1)systematic desensitization (SD: male=12; female=12)， (2)cognitive behavior therapy (CB: male=11; female=12)， and (3)no treatment (NT: male=8， female=8). All subjects in groups (1) and (2) received 18 hours of therapeutic treatments during 2 and ½ months. Relevant data were collected and analyzed by two-way ANOVA and ANCOVA. The results of this study were as follows: 1.Effects of experimental treatments. (1)Both experimental groups (SD and CB) were significantly improved and decreased in anxiety， buy control group showed no change. (2)The interaction effect between sex and treatment were significant in self-concept scores. Results indicated that SD male had better self-concept than the SD female and CB male after a posteriori comparisons. (3)In adjustment， the interaction effect between sex and treatment were also significant. After a posteriori comparisons， the following results were found: on sex level， SD males were better improved than females of the same treatment， while CB were better improved than males of same treatment， but there were no differences between male and female subjects of NT. on treatment level， SD was improved better than CB for males， while CB was better than SD and NT for females. 2.Effects of two experimental treatments in follow-ups. Systematic desensitization and cognitive behavior therapy had durable effectiveness on reducing anxiety， increasing self-concept， and improving adjustment.