教育組織變革之研究：以美國學習型社區學院方案為例

The Study on the Organizational Change in Education: A Case Study of the Learning College Project in the United States

美國社區學院是成人高等教育的獨特設計，發展至今已有百年歷史。全美目前約有一千二百所社區學院，佔所有高等教育機構的半數，以及超過百分之五十的高等教育學生曾經接受社區學院教育，幾已構成龐大的社區型高等教育服務體系。邁入新世紀，美國社區學院教育亟思變革以因應社會與經濟的變遷，「學習型社區學院」即是美國社區學院教育組織變革的一項重要表徵。本研究即以美國「社區學院創新聯盟」（League for Innovation in the Community College）於西元2000年所推動的「學習型社區學院方案」（The Learning College Project）為研究的主題。研究者親赴美國應用實地訪談法並透過網路實施問卷調查，探討「學習型社區學院先鋒」（The Vanguard Learning College）的推行與實施方案過程，及所面臨之問題與挑戰。最後本研究根據主要發現提出結論與建議，以供未來我國教育組織變革之參考與借鏡。

Community colleges were uniquely designed as American adult higher education institutions with a 100-year history of development. There are currently more than one thousand and two hundreds community colleges， a share of about half of the total number of higher education institutions in the United States. More than 50% of the higher education students have registered in the community colleges， which have played an important part in American higher education system. In the new century， the community colleges have to adapt themselves and take innovation in order to cope with the increasingly rapid changes and economic and societal pressures. The learning college has emerged as one of the important organizational change models for the community colleges. The main aim of this study was to explore the Learning College Project implemented by the League for Innovation in the Community College since 2000. The researcher carried out an interview with team members of the Vanguard Learning Colleges and the Project Director and relevant Staffs in the United States， so as to understand the process of the project formation， implementation， accountabilities and challenge concerned. A questionnaire survey was also conducted via the Internet， and copies of the questionnaire were sent to 5 team-members and 5 non-team-members of 12 Vanguard learning Colleges for collecting their opinions. Based upon the findings drawn form this research， conclusions and recommendations are made.