國小六年級教師實施國語科合作學習之研究

A Teacher's Implementation of Cooperative Learning in a Sixth-Grade Classroom: A Case Study in Language Arts

本研究旨在探討一位初次使用合作學習法的國小六年級教師，在國語科中依教材性質之不同而分別實施「學生小組成就區分法（Student Teams-Achievement Divisions，STAD）」及「共同學習法（Learning Together，LT）」之情形。研究者以質性研究的方法進行十二週國語科的教學研究，共進行十課課文教學。研究對象為一班六年級師生，包括一位老師及三十九位學生。研究目的則在於瞭解教師實施合作學習的主要活動、課後反省的焦點、遭遇的問題與解決方法、及實施合作學習後師生的成長與回饋。本研究之結論如下：一、實施合作學習前，教師的主要工作包括擬訂教學活動計畫、為學生分組、設計評分方式、準備合作學習所需要之材料，及製作教具與學習單。二、實施合作學習時，教師除依各合作學習之教學流程進行外，亦同時注重積極互賴、面對面助長性互動、個別責任、小組技巧及團體歷程等，合作學習基本要素之落實。三、實施合作學習後，教師的主要工作是對反省與修正教學計畫，並累積教學心得。四、教師在實施國語科合作學習過程中，遭遇了源自教師、學生、合作學習法本身及教學情境等方面的問題。五、實施國語科合作學習後，師生均獲成長，並給予正面回饋。

The purpose of the study was to understand a sixth-grade teacher’s implementation of cooperative learning in language art in elementary. The teaching planning contains two cooperative learning methods， “Students Teams-Achievement Divisions（STAD）” and “Learning Together（LT）”. The study was focused on the teacher’s major performance of cooperative learning， the problems during the teaching， and the growth and the evaluation of the teacher and her students. Ethnomothodology was adopted by observation， interview， questionnaire， and literature review. Following were few conclusions：1. The main task of the teacher includes making teaching plan， grouping， and preparing the documents before teaching. 2. The teacher obeys the procedure of STAD and LT， and values the positive interdependence， face-to-face promotive interaction， personal responsibility， small group skills， and group processing during the lesson. 3. The main task of the teacher after the course was reflecting and modifying the teaching plan.4. The teacher encountered some problems during the cooperative learning， these problems come from the teacher， the students， the cooperative learning， and they provide positive evaluation to the methods.5. The teacher and students grow after the cooperative learning， and they provide positive evaluation to the methods. Based on results of this study， future suggestions on teaching and research in the area of cooperative learning were also provided.