十二年國教高中高職入學制度啟動的問題與展望

Problems and Perspectives for Implementing the Entrance System of Senior High and Vocational High Schools in Taiwan's 12-year National Basic Education Program

十二年國民基本教育（簡稱十二年國教）於本學年（2014）開始實施，其特色為普及、非強迫及大部份學生免學費和免試入學，主要改變在於後期中等教育階段（含高中、高職、五專）。各就學區高中高職入學分成免試入學（至少75％招生名額）和特色招生入學（至多25％）兩類，首招自本年三月份啟動，八月中旬結束。五月份國中教育會考舉行，其後免試入學考生填志願及分發、特色招生考試，考生和家長的焦慮不安變得愈來愈嚴重，媒體大幅報導，各界屢有批評，顯現十二年國教高中高職入學制度的改變，包含會考、免試入學、特色招生等，都產生許多問題。本文以媒體報導和評論為焦點，探討十二年國教的入學制度規劃、首次招生狀況、各界批評焦點，分析問題關鍵所在。展望未來，化解入學制度的爭議乃是十二年國教成敗之所繫，本文提出八項改進建議分別為：簡化十二年國教高中高職入學制度、改進免試入學、改進免試入學超額比序、調整特招的理念與辦理方式、改進會考、配置足夠且優質的高中高職、辦理真正的國教，並邁向多元成就、校校優質、人人成功的目標。

Taiwan's Twelve-year National Basic Education Program (TNBEP), which is universal, non-compulsory, tuition-free for all those pursuing vocational and technical education and for those pursuing senior high education with family annual income less than NT$1,480,000, is formally put into practice in 2014. In this new program, most junior high graduates(JHA) enter senior high and vocational high schools at entrance district through either exam-free admission (at least 75％ of assigned enrolment quota ) or exam admission for special learning programs(at most 25％). All grade nine students are required to take “comprehensive Assessment for Junior High School Students” (CA-JHSS) in May. The “exam-free” admission, actually is set only for the high school with an expected number of enrolment less than its assigned enrolment quota, if not, a high school has to select by multiple performance criteria, including CA-JHSS grades. The whole new student recruitment period for senior high and vocational high schools in TNBEP lasts from March to Mid-August, the JHA, parents and education commentators express their great anxiety and severe criticism. This paper analyzes the features and implementation status of TNBEP's high school entrance system, explores disputes and problems shown in various media reports, and finally proposed suggestions for high school entrance system, exam-free admission, exam admission for special learning programs, CA-JHSS, national basic education, school quality improvement and school distribution, etc.