汽車駕駛行為之研究與預測--駕駛人員之焦慮性、冒險性及內外控取向與駕駛行為的關係

近年來我國工商業發展迅速，觀光與交通事業也隨之有長足的發展。工商業進步，促進社會的經濟繁榮，而經濟繁榮導致人貨交流的更大需求，車輛或其他交通工具因之激增。因車輛激增，社會中各行各業對汽車駕駛人員的需求非常殷切。我們熟知駕駛人員是否良好，不僅直接影響行人、乘客及駕駛人自身的生命與財產安全，並且對雇用機關之業務積效、財產安全及經營利潤亦均息息相關。除此之外，更重要者，駕駛人員的工作表現，對於交通秩序之良好與否，對於社會治安有利與否也有密切而不可分的關係。是故如何甄巽稱職的駕駛人，如何淘汰已從事駕駛工作而有肇事傾向的司機，如何了解駕駛人員的機械能力、人格特質、駕駛態度等以預防不幸事件之發生，以及如何提高駕駛人員素質等問題，已是當前工商與交通事業發展過程中極端重要的問題，而迫切需要答案及解決之道。

The purpose of this study is to explore the difference in anxiety， wenturesome and internal─external control among different kind of automobile driver and among different age of drivers. Three kinds of scales were develop for this study.1692 subjects， including 179 bus─drivers， 755 taxi─drivers， 500 drivers who violate the traffic law， and 258 excellent drivers， were given these tests respectively in one and half a year. The results are as follows：\r（1）The ventruresome of the excellent driver is lower than that of the driver who violates the traffic law and than that of the taxi─driver.（2）The venturesome of 41─50 age of drivers is lower than that of the driver under 30 and than that of 31─40 age of drivers.（3）No differences in anxiety and belief in internal─external control among different kind of drivers and among different age of drivers.