不同類型的自我落差對華人憂鬱與焦慮情緒的影響

The Influence of Different Types of Selfdiscrepancies to Depression and Anxiety in Chinese People

本研究欲探討三種不同類型的自我落差對華人憂鬱與焦慮情緒的影響情形。根據Higgins（1987）的自我落差理論與Carver、Lawrence與Scheier（1999）的修正觀點，本研究提出的假設模式為：實際我與理想我的差距（AI）可預測憂鬱，實際我與責任我的差距（AO）可預測焦慮，實際我與拒斥我的差距（AU）可預測憂鬱與焦慮。過去實徵研究結果有的不支持AO預測焦慮，有的不支持AI預測憂鬱，依此，本研究形成另兩個替代模式。對於過去的研究，本研究認為測量工具的問題及文化脈絡的因素會影響不同自我落差與負向情緒之關係。本研究透過「自我線段」的測量及考慮不同立場來推估自我落差，經由結構方程模式的檢驗而支持假設模式為最佳的預測模式。最後，說明自我落差理論的應用價值與貢獻。

The aim of this study was to explore the influence of different types of selfdiscrepancies to depression and anxiety in Chinese people. Based on Higgins (1987) and Carver， Lawrence and Scheier (1999)， this study constructed a hypothetical model and hypothesized AI could predict depression， AO could predict anxiety， and AU could predict depression and anxiety. In the past， some studies did not support the relationship betweenAO and anxiety， AI and depression， this study then derived two alternative models and compared with hypothetical model. This study concerned the measurement and cultural factor that would influence the relationship of self-discrepancy and negative emotion. So this study used “self-line” measurement and considered the standpoint of self-standard，the results support the hypothetical model through structural equational model. At last，this study suggested some contributions of self-discrepancy theory and its application.