專家與生手輔導知識結構之測量

The Assessment of Knowledge Structures between Experts and Novices in Guidance

本研究主要以輔導學科為特定領域，利用徑路探測網路測量知識結構，以探討三項知識結構指數與學習成就的關係，並比較專家與生手、不同經驗水準的生手在知識結構上的差異。本研究包括生手樣本26人及專家樣本3人。結果發現：1.三項知識結構指數與學習成就未達顯著相關；2.不同經驗水準的生手、專家和生手，在三項知識結構指數上並無顯著差異；3.專家與生手的概念結構圖有差異存在，專家的較為複雜，生手的則較為簡化。最後，根據研究結果提出下列幾方面的建議：1.諮商輔導專家的定義；2.諮商輔導的領域範圍；3.學習成就評量的代表性；4.問題的結構性；5.諮商輔導專家與生手的區分指標；6.領域的適用性。

The main purposes of the study were to use pathfinder network analysis to assess the knowledge structures in school guidance， to explore the correlations between the three indexes of knowledge structures and the academic performance， and to compare the differences of knowledge structures between experts and novices. The subjects included three experts and twenty-six novices.The results of the study were as follows: 1. The correlations between the three indexes of knowledge structures and the academic performance are not significant. 2. The three indexes of knowledge structures can’t discriminate both the differences of knowledge structures among the novices of different experiences and between the experts and novices. 3. The mappings of knowledge structures between experts and novices are different. The experts’ mappings are more complicated， but the novices’ are simpler.Finally， according to the results， the recommendations were provided in the definition of expert， the domain of the counseling and guidance， the representation of the assessment， the structures of the problems， the index of counseling experts and novices， and the fit of domains.