拉丁美洲高等教育評鑑及認可制度：論區域主義對單一國家之影響

The Evaluation and Accreditation Systems of Higher Education in Latin America: The Influence of Regionalism on an Individual Country

拉丁美洲國家之高等教育因學生與機構數擴張、國際化與跨國教育發展、市場化趨勢、政府經費縮減效應、績效責任的要求等驅力所造成的衝擊，逐漸重視評鑑及認可機制的建置與運用。為了促進高教品質和競爭力，拉丁美洲各國除自行發展評鑑及認可制度，更以區域合作之方案或網絡為策略，試圖強化其高教品質機制的發展。本文旨在探究拉丁美洲高等教育區域性評鑑方案及組織之發展，並探討區域評鑑計畫對單一國家之衝擊與影響。本研究採文件分析法，研究目的包括：一、了解區域主義之重要內涵，及其在拉丁美洲高等教育領域之實踐；二、探討拉丁美洲高等教育評鑑與認可制度之發展，並解析區域性方案或組織之內涵；三、探究區域評鑑方案對阿根廷大學評鑑及認可制度發展之影響。本研究發現拉丁美洲國家與區域層級之高教評鑑與認可組織乃同時發展並且相輔相成；為了方便區域採認的學位認可制度呈現大幅度的進展，但欲達到全面性流通的目標仍有待努力。

In order to deal with the increasing numbers of institutions and students， the development of transnational education， the trend of marketization， the decreasing support from government funding， and the demand for accountability， most colleges in Latin America have gradually set mechanisms for evaluation and accreditation. These countries have not only established individual organizations and systems for evaluation and accreditation， but also endeavored to integrate them into regional networks for quality enhancement. This paper is aimed to explore the development of the quality assurance system of higher education in Latin America and the influence of regionalism on an individual country. The purposes of the research are (1) to probe into the implementation of regionalism in higher education of Latin America， (2) to study the development of evaluation， accreditation systems， the design of regional organizations and projects in the said area， and (3) to analyze the impact that could be possible produced by regional projects on the evaluation and accreditation systems in Argentina. The results indicate that evaluation mechanisms of both， national and regional， levels in Latin America have been developed simultaneously and correspondently. Even though the regional accreditation has made great progress， there is still a long way for being accepted by entire selected area.