高等教育勞動力低度運用的變遷：惡化或改善？

Changes in the Underutilization of the College-educated Labor Force: Worsening or Improving?

本文探討初入職場專上畢業生勞動力低度運用的程度與變遷，並分析其與我國高等教育擴張三個階段間的關聯。經以多變量邏輯迴歸分析1984、1993及2001年行政院主計處「人力運用調查」原始檔案，發現初入職場專業畢業生在勞動力低度運用的五個向度中，僅「工時不足」機率有逐年遞增趨勢，但這應與勞動市工作日益彈性化有關，並不適合解讀為勞動力低度運用的惡化；至於其他的「所得偏低」、「教育與職業不對稱」與「學用不一致」等勞動力低度運用向度，則皆有顯著改善的趨勢，同時「失業」向度之機率也沒有統計上的顯著變化，顯示我國過去高等教育雖然快速擴張，但專上勞動力低度運用情形並未隨之惡化。

In consideration of the three stages of expansion in higher educationin Taiwan， the major purpose of this study was to examine the degrees of andchanges in the underutilization of the college-educated labor force whose workexperience was no longer than two years. The data of the 1984， 1993， and 2001Manpower Utilization Survey were analyzed， and the results indicated that: first， both the probability and the degree of having an inadequate number of workinghours continually increased from 1984 to 2001; second， the probabilities anddegrees of receiving low earnings， and of there being a mismatch of educationand occupation， and of discipline and occupation gradually decreased between1984 and 2001; last， the rate and probability of unemployment remained almoststable between 1984 and 2001. Generally speaking， no significant edvidence wasfound to support the argument that the expansion of higher education has had theresult of worsening the degrees of and changes in the underutilization of thecollege-educated labor force in Taiwan.