以ICF架構探討智能障礙者之運動阻礙及促進

Barriers and Facilitators to Exercise Using the ICF Model Exploring for Individuals with Intellectual Disabilities

國際健康功能與身心障礙分類（International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health，簡稱ICF）建議可作為身障者參與身體活動的架構。本文目的，以ICF架構探討智能障礙者運動阻礙及可能應用。以文獻回顧梳理ICF身體功能及結構、活動與參與、環境與個人因素面向，在運動阻礙的情形，應用於個案運動計畫之促進策略。綜觀文獻發現，身體功能與結構面向，因個人身心限制產生運動阻礙；活動與參與，則是溝通及移動困難；環境因素是照顧者或相關人員的支持態度；個人因素則可能因性別、障礙程度等個別內差異有關。本文據此提供促進智障者身體活動參與可能調整方向及範例，可供臺灣有關工作者作為借鏡。

Many studies suggest that the International Classification of Functions, Disability, and Health (ICF) can be adopted as a model for individuals with disabilities to be able to participate in physical activities. Therefore, this study adopts the ICF model to explore barriers and possible participation in exercise by individuals with intellectual disabilities (ID). We reviewed the literature to explain functions and structures of the ICF model regarding activity and participation as well as environmental and personal factors, to explain barriers to exercise for individuals with ID, and to further develop modification strategies for personal exercise plans. Studies have shown that the body functions and structures of individuals with ID are mainly affected due to their physical and mental limitations that result in lack of exercise. Additionally, communication and mobility limitations can make it difficult for individuals with ID to participate in sports. In addition, environmental factors such as the supportive attitude of the caregivers, along with individual differences such as gender, and severity, may affect the barriers to the degree of exercise. This study also proposes that the ICF model should be applied to improve the possible modification directions and types of physical exercise for individuals with ID. It is hoped that it can be used as a reference for persons who draw up exercise plans for individuals with ID.