單元教學活動設計的原理與編寫要領

The Principles and Writing of Unit Instructional Activity Design

單元教學活動設計，簡稱教案；是教師的專業基本能力之一，也是聯繫教學理論與實務的橋樑。臺灣在1970年代以後，推行「行為目標單元教學活動設計」，2000年起，配合「九年一貫課綱」倡導十大基本能力與統整課程，開始盛行主題課程設計；出現許多把主題課程設計的概念圖，當作單元教學活動設計的亂象。2019學年度起施行的「十二年國民基本教育課程綱要」所提的九大核心素養，如何與單元教學活動設計關聯在一起﹖值得探討。此外，教學活動設計也是校長及教師公開授課中，備課、觀課與議課，專業互動的重要文件。本論文採文件分析法，經參考國內外教學設計相關文獻，歸納出六項結論：(1)單元教學活動設計是教學PDCA品質管理的起點；(2)單元教學活動設計的理論模式包括三個階段；(3)單元教學活動設計應與各領綱的核心素養、學習目標與學習內容連結；(4)教學方法與策略，宜轉化為具體的教學步驟；(5)單元教學活動設計表格，能提高教師教學設計工作的效率；(6)單元教學活動設計的「簡案」，仍應具體敘寫基本資料、教學分析、教學目標。

Unit instructional activity design(UIAD) is also known as the instructional plan. UIAD is one of the basic professional abilities of teachers and a bridge between instructional theory and practice. Since the 1970s, Taiwan has promoted the 'behavior objective unit instructional activity design'. In 2000, the Grade 1-9 Curriculum was implemented, which advocated the ten core competence and integrated curriculum. Therefore, this caused some misunderstanding regarding that the thematic course concept map is UIAD. From the 2019 school year, the government implemented the Grade 1-12 National Basic Education Curriculum, and proposed nine core competencies. It is a worth discussing issue regarding how those core competencies relate to the design of unit instruction. In addition, the UIAD is also an important document for principals and teachers in instructional preparation, instructional observation and discussion, and professional interaction.This paper adopted documentary analysis method and by referring to relevant literature on instructional design at domestic and foreign, six conclusions were drawn: 1.The UIAD is the starting point of instructional PDCA quality management. 2. The theoretical model of UIAD consists of three stages. 3. The UIAD should be linked to the core competencies, learning objectives and learning content of each domain. 4.The instruction methods and strategies should be transformed into specific instructional steps.5. The UIAD form can improve the efficiency of teachers' instructional design work. 6.The 'simple plan' of UIAD should still describe the basic information, instruction analysis, and instructional objectives in detail.