春風化雨臨西螺──日治時期西螺地區的教育推手劉煥文老師

Mr. Liu, Huan-Wen, a Teacher and Promoter in Education in Xiluo Area during the Japanese Colonial Period

本文旨在探討日治時期西螺地區的教育推手—劉煥文老師，在「漢民族意識」與「教育愛」的交融下轉化情感，昇華實踐「隱性抗議」的作為。本研究採用口述歷史方法，針對二名日治時期受教於劉煥文的學生取得口述資料，並輔以《臺灣日日新報》、《西螺鎮志》、《新修西螺鎮志》、《西螺演義》、《文昌情‧教育心─慶祝創校百週年紀念特刊》等地方文獻及書籍作為研究工具。經綜合歸納與分析後發現：從劉煥文老師的案例中，確實存在著「隱性抗議」的身影，他在面對殖民的壓迫或外在的異化，能反省察覺自身的處境，並透過教學解放霸權。再者，在教學的形式與心態上，他更期待將原本象徵支配的知識傳遞方式，透過轉化，讓學生也可以進階到「發聲」階段，進而解放自己，產生反身性思考，並建立囝仔正確的知識觀與價值觀，而這個行為的背後都植基於溫暖的「教育愛」與澎湃的民族情懷。透過「教育愛」的實踐，更發展出一種疼愛臺灣囝仔的情感，經由身教與言教，無時無刻的影響臺灣囝仔，希望臺灣囝仔可以藉由教育功能進行社會流動，進而擺脫殖民霸權的宰制。最後，研究者發現在臺灣教育史上的日治殖民抗爭扉頁中，初等學校的少數臺籍教師並非無聲或缺席，他們只是透過高層次的「隱性抗議」進行抗拒，進一步展現出轉化型知識份子的能動性及批判性。

The purpose of this study is to investigate the story of a teacher, Mr. Liu, Huan-Wen (referred as Mr. Liu in the following passage). Being a teacher, Mr. Liu was impacted by the compassion of Taiwanese national consciousness and Pedagogical love. He then sublimed his education ideal by a kind of teaching,“hidden protest.”The study adopts the oral history of two students who were taught by Mr. Liu. Moreover, there were a variety of references under close examination including“Taiwan Daily News,”“Xiluo Zhen Zhi,”“Xiluo Zhen Zhi(the new version),”“Xiluo Yan Yi'' and“Love of Wen Chang and Heart of Education-the Special Issue of the Celebration of the Centennial of the Founding of the School.”After a comprehensive analysis of induction, from Mr. Liu’s case, the hidden protest was indeed existed. While he faced the oppression of Japanese colonization or alienation, he could still reflect upon himself under the situation; and he emancipated his students from hegemony in his teaching. Mr. Liu especially transformed his teaching from lecturing hegemony to criticizing. Furthermore, his expectation to students was to speak out and free them from the oppression, and from this process, they did self-reflection, and rebuild their national consciousness and value. This was motivated by Mr. Liu's pedagogical love and rich feelings of national sentiment. Through his modeling, he practiced Pedagogical love and developed a certain kind of teaching ideal,“hidden protest,”to influence Taiwanese students, and hopefully, they could emancipate Japanese hegemony and achieve social mobility by education.Eventually, the story of Mr. Liu helped us understand that in the history of protest against Japanese colony, Taiwanese teachers in primary schools was not absent from the scene. They were there, but they put their position low, using a different way, hidden protest, to show their anti-colony. The hidden protest is no doubt a higher level of rebellion against oppression and a representative of transformative intellectuals with a sense of agency and critical consciousness.