德國高等教育中不同層級品質保證之探討

A Study on the Quality Assurance at Different Levels in German Higher Education

由於高等教育功能與結構的轉變，加上國內與國際競爭的熾烈，使得1990年代在高等教育領域中，成為一重視品質的年代。許多國家甚或區域性組織，都紛紛針對其高等教育的品質，著手推行有關的管理或保證措施。身處於歐洲區塊中，德國高等教育的品質保證措施之實行，有其國際上可供參照的標準，但也因應著其自身的在地脈絡而具有特殊性。本研究即一方面試著將德國關於高等教育的品質保證機制置於歐洲的脈絡下加以觀察；另一方面則以不同層級的品質保證機制之實施狀況做為研究焦點。除了探討其歷史沿革與整體的發展狀況外，也將針對個別機構的運作進行瞭解，以求進一步去分析其特色與整合之可能，並期望因而能對國內品質保證的相關措施，提出可供借鑑的參考。

Due to the functional and structural transformation of higher education， together with internal and international keen competition， the decade of 1990s has become a decade of giving weight to quality in the area of higher education. Many nations， even local organizations， have been starting on taking relevant administrative measures for the quality assurance in higher education. Locating on European region， German’s practice of quality assurance in higher education has two aspects: in accordance with the policy of European Union on the global side， and the insistence of keeping specialties on the local side. This study is aimed to achieve two research goals. First， it will try to analyze the quality assurance of German’s higher education by placing it in the European context. Second， it will focus on the practical issues. In addition to the survey of its historical development and status quo as a whole， performance of individual institutes will also be elaborated， in order to analyze the characteristics and possible integration of this system. We hope that this study will facilitate our domestic relevant measures of quality assurance， and provide valuable reference as well.