少子化趨勢與教育改革之民意調查研究

A Survey on the Baby Bust Trend and Educational Reforms in Taiwan

現代人因生活壓力大、子女教養費用高及女性自主意識抬頭等變遷因素，導致結婚與生育的意願降低而形成少子化的人口結構趨勢。我國在師資培育多元化政策下，各大學院校均得設立教育學程，中小學師資因大量擴充而導致過剩，復以學齡人口劇降，師資供需機制失衡，將影響教育環境甚鉅。偏遠地區的學校因生源不足而面臨停辦的命運，明星學校卻仍因註冊熱門未能有效實現「小班小校」的目標，少子化趨勢對都會地區與偏遠地區的孩子就學權益形成截然不同的效應。此外，政府大量開放私人興學、學生人數減少，致使大專校院面臨減班與招生困難之問題，且未來的情況將逐漸惡化，該如何因應並研議學校的退場機制，成為當前重要課題。民眾對政府施政的支持度牽動整體施政成效，故民眾對於少子化趨勢的認知與相應的教育政策之看法，是教育政策如何因應人口變遷的重要參考。本調查之目的如下：一、瞭解民眾對少子化現象與國家未來發展影響及經費配置的看法。二、瞭解民眾對班級或學生人數減少後教育品質的觀感。三、瞭解民眾對少子化趨勢下國民教育與高等教育學校存廢的意見。四、根據結論，建議未來政策及研究之發展方向。

This paper is an investigation of the educational policy impacted by the baby bust in Taiwan. The baby bust is a social phenomenon resulted from the strong stress on jobs， the increasing fees on education， and the promotion of women social status in modern life. The purpose of this study is to discuss the critical perspectives related the rapid forming of baby bust which have made a huge change for schools and administrations in Taiwan. On the one hand， schools closely involve children’s education; on the other hand， educational systems cannot isolate from the baby bust trend. Therefore， we focus on discussion the mass perspectives on educational policies in the baby bust circumstance. In this article， we limit our concerns on three main domains of the mass’s outcomes: attitudes， opinions， and choices in our survey. The research quantitative takes in this study， and adopts the Computer-Assisted Telephone Interview (CATI) facility. Using sampling survey collects data. Survey instrument is a questionnaire which is created through focus groups. The four purposes of this study are as follows: Firstly， analyzing the mass acknowledges of baby bust; Secondly， exploring the mass opinions on shaping of baby bust; Thirdly， understanding the mass comments on educational policy deled with the baby bust; Finally， giving suggestions on further practical and research development directions.