培养儿童对课程的兴趣：从外在强化手段走向课程自身--杜威《儿童与课程》对教师的启示

Developing Children’s Interest for the Course：from External Means to the Chinese Itself--Inspiration for Teachers from John Dewey’s The Child and the Curriculum

兴趣对儿童的课程学习极为重要。传统教育采取了大量的兴趣培养方式，而杜威把这些方式归结为两种：训练、奖励与惩罚，并建议培养儿童对课程的兴趣应从外在强化手段走向课程自身。文章根据我国的教育实践分析了这两种课程兴趣培养方式，并结合教学案例论证了培养儿童对课程本身的兴趣需要从两方面入手；即关注儿童的经验和教材心理学化。

The interest for the course study is very important to the children. Traditional education has taken a lot of means to develop it， but Dewey sorted these ways into types：training， rewards and punishment， and suggested that fostering children’s interest for the course should start from the course itself. According to our country’s educational practice， the article analyses these two ways about interest cultivating， and demonstrates that developing children’s interest for the course should pay close attention to children’s experience and the psychologicalization of teaching materials.