教育機器人在未來教育中的應用與挑戰

The Application and Challenge of Educational Robots in Future Education

未來教育時代，資訊科技是教育現代化的基礎，也是教育改革的重要途徑，隨著教育機器人技術日漸成熟，教育現場也面臨挑戰。研究方法採取質性研究，研究對象藉由教育機器人公司行銷人員之訪談，吸取有別於教育領域之見解。研究問題：教育機器人在未來教育能不能替代人類教師，以及教育機器人在未來教育中的應用與挑戰。研究結果：（一）合作學習產生社會相互依賴之信任感，是教育機器人無法替代的，教育機器人搭起鷹架學習，與人類教師並肩教學。（二）教育機器人的應用：營造智慧環境，結合「運算思維」、「遊戲化」概念，將實體、數位教學間的競合模糊化。（三）教育機器人的挑戰：符應教育現場實務需求，教師不能過度依賴AI，忽略教室主控權，並時刻關注受教育者自主學習的成效。研究建議：（一）研究對象多元化：未來研究可納入不同功能與不同任務導向之教育機器人，同時廣納教育現場具有實務經驗之教師進行討論。（二）軟體程式設計著重素養導向之概念：教育機器人的研發應以「素養導向」為教學實踐的方針，促進學生素養的發展與形成。（三）不可忽略偏鄉教育產生的數位落差、數位差距：教育機器人的使用集中都市化，如何弭平偏鄉數位落差，是政府教育單位必須正視與解決的問題。教育領域的教育機器人是服務型機器人，應從調整教學契機出發，幫助教師共同完成教學任務，與課程教學之設計，強化學習成效。

In the future education period, information technology is the foundation of modernization of education and an important way of education reform. With the growing technology maturity of educational robots, the education is also facing challenges. The motivation of this study is used qualitative research based on the interviews with marketing staff in educational robots' company, collecting different opinions from education field. The research questions: Can educational robots replace human teachers in future education, and the application and challenges of educational robots in future education. Research results: (1) Cooperative learning produces a sense of trust in social interdependence, which cannot be replaced by educational robots. Educational robots put up Scaffolding learning and teach side by side with human teachers. (2) Create an intelligent environment and combine the concepts of ＂computational thinking＂ and ＂gamification＂ to blur the co-competition between physical and e-learning. (3) Educational robots should meet the practical needs in education. Teachers cannot rely too much on AI, ignore the main control of the classroom, and always pay attention to the effectiveness of self-directed learning. Research suggestion: (1) Diversified research participants: the research can include educational robots with different functions and different task orientations in the future. At the same time, having a discussion with the teachers with practical experience in the education field is necessary. (2) Software programming focuses on the concept of literacy-oriented: the development of educational robots should take ＂literacy-oriented＂ as the policy of teaching practice to promote the development and formation of student literacy. (3) The digital gap caused by rural education cannot be ignored: the use of educational robots is concentrated in urbanization, so the government education units must face and solve the problem about how to balance the digital gap in rural areas. Educational robots in education field are service-oriented robots. They should start from adjusting teaching opportunities, helping teachers complete teaching tasks together, and designing course teaching to strengthen learning effectiveness.