林兆恩九序心法對內丹學傳統的承繼

Inheriting the Inner Alchemy Tradition: A Study of Chao-En Lin and the Nine Stages of Body-Mind Cultivation

林兆恩的九序心法是三一教重要的修煉功法，同時也是內丹傳統中的一環。過去學界時常把林兆恩的內丹思想歸因於卓晚春、張三峰的教導，但是在考察過林兆恩的著作後，可以發現他大量閱讀和汲取宋、明的丹道思想，並融入他對九序心法的詮釋和實踐當中。因此，繼續深入探究林兆恩繼承哪些宋明內丹學說，有助於更全面地瞭解九序心法的內涵和價值。本文從林兆恩的著作中找到影響其思想的丹經，再比對《道藏》與其他傳世文獻，確定林兆恩受哪些丹道經典的影響；最後比對《九序摘言內景圖》，從修煉實踐的層面重新審視九序心法與道教修煉傳統的關係。藉此，本文希望重新反省九序心法在宋明內丹傳統中的特色和定位，以及明代丹道的豐富性與多元性。

The nine stages of body-mind cultivation created by Chao-En Lin inherits the tradition of inner alchemy from the Ming dynasty. Although Wan-Chun Zhuo and San-Feng Zhang used to be seen as the direct source of the nine stages, a large volume of alchemical texts cited by Lin in his works proves that Lin’s philosophy and practice owe greatly to the inner alchemy tradition of the Song and Ming dynasties. Investigating these alchemical texts provides a more complete understanding of the nine stages. First, this study looks at the alchemical texts cited by Lin, which provide us references to The Daoist Canon and other alchemical texts that forms the tradition of inner alchemy in the Ming dynasty. Second, it uses Jiuxu zhaiyan neijingtu (《九序摘言內景圖》) to study the relationship between the pratice of the nine stages and the tradition of Daoist cultivation. Finally, this study attemps to rethink the role that the nine stages played in the development of inner alchemy and its diversity and richness in the Ming dynasty.