《凝陽董真人遇仙記》淺析—董守志、登真洞、全真道

Basic Research on Ningyang Dong Zhenren Yuxianji: Connections between Shou-Zhi Dong, Dengzhendong, and Quanzhen School

祿昭聞編之《凝陽董真人遇仙記》是金朝董守志的修道故事。董守志的活動時期因與早期全真道屬同世代，而劉天素《金蓮正宗仙源像傳》、陳致虛《上陽子金丹大要列仙志》等後世全真道文獻則將董守志視為劉海蟾之門徒。但起碼據《凝陽董真人遇仙記》，董守志與早期全真道沒有直接交流。董守志與全真道之間的關係因而有商榷之處。本文以《凝陽董真人遇仙記》為主要研究文本，並參照〈重修三清閣記〉等其他相關資料，得出結論如下：《凝陽董真人遇仙記》將本來沒有關係的登真洞逸聞與董守志故事連結起來，而在「創作」過程當中，參照《太上九要心印妙經》等疑似張果撰的文獻及其相關傳承。〈重修三清閣記〉一文則既重看《凝陽董真人遇仙記》的董守志修道故事，亦重視「張氏之仙流」，而把兩者連結起來。全真道後來關注鍾離權、呂洞賓、劉海蟾、董守志等丹道系譜，故使得如「劉海蟾、董凝陽」般的系譜在全真道文獻中扎了根。

Zhao-wen Lu (祿昭聞)’s Ningyang dong zhenren yuxianji (《凝陽董真人遇仙記》) is a monastic record of Shou-zhi Dong (董守志) in the Jin dynasty. The activity period of Shou-zhi Dong is almost the same as that of the early Quanzhen School. Tian-su Liu (劉天素) and others’ Jinlian zhengzong xianyuan xiangzhuan (《金蓮正宗仙源像傳》) and Zhi-xu Chen’s (陳致虛) Shangyangzi jindan dayao liexianzhi (《上陽子金丹大要列仙志》), which is a document of Quanzhen School (全真道) in later times, regard Shou-zhi Dong as a disciple of Hai-chan Liu (劉 海蟾). However, at least according to Ningyang dong zhenren yuxianji, he had no direct contact with the early Quanzhen School. Whether Shou-zhi Dong actually communicates with Quanzhen School remains debatable. This paper takes Ningyang dong zhenren yuxianji as the main material, and with the help of “Chongxiu sanqingge ji” (〈重修三清閣記〉) and other related materials, draws the following conclusion: Ningyang dong zhenren yuxianji connects the originally unrelated Dengzhendong (登真洞) anecdote and Shou-zhi Dong stories, while referring to the Taishang jiuyao xinyin miaojing (《太上九要心印妙經》) and other documents written by Guo Zhang (張果) and the legends related to Guo Zhang. Furthermore, “Chongxiu sanqingge ji” focused on Shou-zhi Dong’s story of Ningyang dong zhenren yuxianji and on “Zhang clan teachings of inner Alchemy”(張氏之仙流) and combined them. Subsequently, Quanzhen School focused on the relationship among Li-quan Zhong (鍾離權), Dong-bin Lu (呂洞賓), Hai-chan Liu (劉海蟾), and Shou-zhi Dong; as a result, the relationship of Hai-chan Liu with Shou-zhi Dong was established.