探討獨居長者社會參與之相關因素研究：以臺北市南港區為例

Factors Associated with Social Participation Among Older Adults Living Alone at Nangang District in Taipei

目標：探討與獨居長者社會參與程度相關之因素。方法：本研究為橫斷性調查，於2018年2～4月期間，以面對面訪談方式由公共衛生護理人員完成131位南港區獨居長者調查。問卷內容包括基本資料、健康狀態，以及社會參與情況。本研究運用SPSS 22.0版進行資料處理及多元迴歸分析。結果：自評健康狀況愈好、認知功能愈高、日常生活活動功能愈好、憂鬱程度愈低、失能情形愈少、衰弱情況愈輕，則其社會參與程度愈高。結論：身體及心理健康較差之獨居長者，其社會參與程度相對較差。本研究為需求評估之第一步，未來政策及社區單位（包括公共衛生及社會福利）於規劃社區健康促進工作時，可特別關注於該族群，並且針對該族群進一步了解影響其社會參與之促進及障礙因子，以作為未來規劃提升該族群社會參與策略之重要參考依據。

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate factors associated with social participation among older adults living alone. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study involving face-to-face interviews with 131 older adults living alone. The interviews were conducted from February to April 2018 by public health nurses at the Health Service Center of Nangang District, Taipei City. The questionnaire included questions regarding socio-demographic attributes, health status, and social participation. Results: Results indicated that those who had better self-rated health status, higher cognitive function, better ADL and IADL activities, less depression, and lower degree of frailty were more likely to have a higher degree of social participation. Conclusions: Older adults with poor physical and mental health tend to have low social participation. Our study represented the initial step of a needs assessment and our results suggested that government agencies and community organizations (public health and social welfare), when planning community health promotion programs, should pay specific attention to older adults living alone. Furthermore, investigations of factors that facilitate and inhibit their social participation would be informative to planning efforts aimed to improve their social participation.