公立國中教師職場暴力經驗及其健康狀況之相關

Workplace Violence and Its Associations with Health Among Teachers of Public Junior High Schools

目標：了解公立國中教師遭受職場暴力的發生率、暴力類型及其來源，並檢視教師職場暴力經驗與其心理健康、自評健康及疲勞感受之相關。方法：以公立國中現職教師為研究對象，總共發放1,087份問卷至48所學校，回收有效樣本1,059份。問卷內容包含個人背景資料、過去12個月之職場暴力經驗、職場工作特質、身心健康狀況及疲勞感受，採多變數迴歸分析探討教師職場暴力經驗與心理健康、自評健康及疲勞感受之關係。結果：國中教師在過去一年中曾遭受任一形式職場暴力之發生率為34.0%，依據職場暴力的形式區分，可發現言語暴力發生率最高 (27.4%)，其他依次為心理暴力(18.2%)、性騷擾 (6.0%) 與肢體暴力 (3.7%)。言語暴力、肢體暴力及性騷擾的主要來源為學生，而心理暴力則大多源自於學校內部之同事或單位主管。多變數迴歸分析的結果發現，在控制性別與年齡後，具高工作心理負荷與低職場正義之工作特質的教師，發生職場暴力的風險顯著較高；而職場暴力經驗與教師身心健康狀況不佳有顯著相關。
結論：本研究指出，部分公立國中教師遭受來自學生的言語和肢體暴力威脅，以及來自校內主管或同事的心理暴力威脅；教師的職場暴力經驗可能對其身心健康造成衝擊，值得社會關注與深入探究。

Objectives: This study aimed to explore the frequency, types and sources of workplace violence among teachers of public junior high schools, and to examine the associations of workplace violence experience with teachers’ mental health, self-rated health and burnout status. Methods: Study participants were 1,059 teachers from 48 public junior high schools. A questionnaire was used to obtain information regarding demographic characteristics, experiences of workplace violence over the previous 12 months, work characteristics, mental health, self-rated health and burnout status. Multi-level analyses were performed to examine the associations between workplace violence and health status. Results: The prevalence rate of having experienced any type of workplace violence over the past year among teachers was 34.0%. Verbal violence ranked as the most commonly experienced type, followed by psychological violence. Sources of verbal violence, physical violence and sexual harassment experienced by teachers came mostly from students, while psychological violence came mainly from colleagues or supervisors. After adjusting for age and gender, teachers with higher workloads and lower workplace justice were found to have a higher risk for workplace violence. Besides, teachers who had experienced workplace violence were found to have poor health and higher burnout.
Conclusion: This study indicated that a sizable proportion of junior high school teachers encountered verbal and physical violence from student and psychological violence from supervisors or colleagues. This study also suggested that experience of workplace violence might affect physical and psychological wellbeing of teachers. Our findings deserve attention and in-depth investigation.