中小學教師社會地位、工作滿意與離職意圖之變遷：1997年與2015年之比較

Changes in Social Status, Job Satisfaction, and Turnover Intentions of Elementary and Secondary School Teachers: A Comparison Between 1997 and 2015

近20年來是臺灣政策變革、社會與產業環境變遷最為激烈的時期，亦對不同職業工作者的工作內容、工作特性與社會地位、工作意識等造成相當大的衝擊。本研究主要目的在探究臺灣中小學教師於近20年來在政策與社會環境變化下，其社會地位、工作滿意度、離職意圖等重要工作意識，與其他職業工作者的差異與變遷。運用兩筆臺灣社會變遷基本調查大樣本問卷資料（1997年與2015年）實施分析，分析結果顯示，晚近中小學教師主觀社會地位的下降，主要是因工作穩定與工作自主性的優勢減弱。其次，近來中小學教師的工作滿意度雖仍不低，但與其他職業工作者相較，已無太大的優勢。最後，在低薪與就業條件不佳的情形下，各職業工作者的離職意圖普遍皆偏高，但因中小學教師工作特性仍相對較佳，因此離職意圖顯著低於其他職業。

The past 20 years have been a period of broad policy changes in Taiwan with the most drastic changes occurring sin the social and industrial environment. The changes also have had considerable impacts on the work content, working characteristics, social status, and work consciousness of workers in different professions. This study aimed to explore the differences and changes in social status, job satisfaction, turnover intention, and other important work consciousness of elementary and secondary school teachers from other professional workers under these changes in the policy and social environments over the past 20 years. A large sample of questionnaire data (1997 and 2015) from two issues of the Taiwan Social Change Survey was used for analysis. The results first showed that the subjective social status of teachers in primary and secondary schools has recently declined, mainly because they reduced the advantage of job stability and job autonomy. Second, although the job satisfaction of primary and secondary school teachers is still not low, there is no big advantage compared to other workers. Finally, under the circumstances of low salary and poor employment conditions, the turnover intention of all workers is generally high. However, because the working characteristics of primary and secondary school teachers are still relatively good, the turnover intention of primary and secondary school teachers is significantly lower than that of other occupations.