青少年校園霸凌經驗、道德疏離與生活滿意度關聯性之探討

Investigating the Association Among Adolescents’ Experience of Campus Bullying, Moral Disengagement, and Life Satisfaction

霸凌是一種持續性、權力不平等的欺凌與壓迫行為，是很多青少年成長過程中會經歷的狀況。校園霸凌的經歷，不管是加害、被害或是旁觀，都會對青少年產生負面的影響。本研究的目的在於探討青少年校園霸凌行為的不同參與者，其在霸凌行為的經驗、道德疏離與生活滿意度之關聯性。以臺灣傳播調查資料庫第二期第一次的資料進行分析，本研究發現：一、有霸凌加害經驗、霸凌旁觀經驗之青少年比沒有前述經驗之青少年有較高程度的道德疏離感；二、有參與霸凌行為、遭受霸凌行為、旁觀霸凌行為者，其生活滿意度的感受較無前述經驗之青少年來得低；三、青少年在過去1年經歷愈多的校園霸凌經驗，他們的道德疏離感受愈高，生活滿意度愈低；四、在道德疏離的感受上，校園霸凌加害經驗與被害經驗產生交互作用，校園霸凌被害經驗與旁觀經驗在道德疏離上亦有交互作用。整體而言，本研究結果在實務應用上有其重要價值，若欲改善青少年對於霸凌行為的道德疏離、合理化的傾向，進而減少或阻止校園霸凌行為之發生，強化霸凌加害者及旁觀者對於被害者的同理心，是一個重要且可行的策略。

Bullying is a kind of aggressive behaviors that involve a pattern of behavior repeated over time and an imbalance of power or strength. Bullying is also a common experience among adolescents. The involvement in campus bullying, no matter of being the bully, the victim, or the bystander, has negative impacts upon the adolescents. The purpose of this study aims to investigate the associations among the experience of campus bullying, moral disengagement, and life satisfaction of adolescents. Drawing data from the 2017 Taiwan Communication Survey (TCS), this study obtains the following findings: 1. Adolescents as bullies and bystanders have higher levels of moral disengagement; 2. Adolescents with experience of campus bullying have lower levels of life satisfaction; 3. The adolescents who had more experience of campus bullying in the past year report higher levels of moral disengagement and lower levels of life satisfaction; 4. The effects of experience of being bullied on moral disengagement are moderated by both experience of bully and experience of bystander. Overall, the findings in this study are important in practical implications. To meet the goal of reducing the adolescents’ intention of moral disengagement toward school campus and preventing the occurrence of campus bullying, developing the programs to enhance their empathy concerning victims is an important and feasible strategy.