復甦與沈寂：重探1950年代的「新世界劇運」

Revival and Silence: Revisiting the “New World Drama Movement” in the 1950s

1956年所舉辦的「新世界劇運」（1956.2~1957.6）是國民政府遷臺後首次推行的大型戲劇運動，不僅由政府規劃新世界戲院作為固定的演出場域，更是先後演出了十五檔的國語話劇。新世界劇運雖然僅僅維持一年半載，卻使得五〇年代的國語劇壇有短暫地復甦。然而，可惜的是，新世界劇運所掀起的波瀾卻隨著劇運會的解散而終歸沈寂。新世界劇運做為官方所扶植的戲劇運動，卻未得到應有的關注及研究。因此，透過梳理新世界劇運興衰成敗的前因後果、官方組織的作為及態度、實際演出狀況及戲劇評論等面向，或許可以對於五〇年代有全新的理解。 本文企圖避開先入為主的歷史評價，透過忠實地描述歷史的進程，仔細追尋歷史的前因後果，並站在宏觀的視角賦予其時代的理解，進而建構出立體的、多元的歷史觀點。透過重新檢視「新世界劇運」所產生的實質效應與迴響，或許可以打破當代戲劇學者對於臺灣五〇年代戲劇史的刻板印象，並試圖與過於刻板化、簡單化的歷史書寫，開展對話的空間及補正的可能，讓我們以更寬廣的視角來理解此一時期的戲劇發展。

 

The “New World Drama Movement” (February 1956~June 1957), held in 1956, was the first large-scale theater movement implemented by the National Government after its relocation to Taiwan. While the government arranged the New World Theatre as the fixed performance venue, 15 Chinese dramas were performed in succession. Although the New World Drama Movement lasted only a year or so, the Chinese drama market in the 1950s was revitalized briefly. However, unfortunately, the wave set off by the New World Drama Movement was dissolved. As an officially supported drama movement, the New World Drama Movement has not received due attention and research. Therefore, the causes and consequences of the rise and fall of the New World Drama Movement, the actions and attitudes of official organizations, and the actual performances and drama reviews are reviewed in the expectation of presenting a brand-new understanding of the 1950s. In this paper, the preconceived historical evaluations are avoided. Instead, the historical course was faithfully described, while the historical causes and effects are carefully investigated. Then, an understanding of its era is presented from a macro perspective, and a three-dimensional, plural historical perspective is proposed. The substantive effects and repercussions of the “New World Drama Movement” are examined to break the stereotypes of contemporary drama scholars about the drama history of Taiwan in the 1950s, communicate with and amend the unduly stereotyped and simplified historical writings, which let us understand the development of drama in this period from a wider perspective.