優秀射箭選手韻律式與機械式伸展過箭方式之運動學差異

The Compare Between Mechanical Style Extension and Rhythm Style Extension on Kinematics of Elite Archers

目的：比較優秀選手在韻律式伸展與機械式伸展之運動學差異。方法：研究對象為優秀射箭選手 20名，70公尺雙局成績平均為 660 ± 9分，利用三維動作拍攝系統紀錄受試者以兩種伸展過箭方式各射 12箭之關節距離參數，並將原始參數分期做資料處理，考驗兩種不同伸展過箭方式在運動學差異情形。結果：在拉弓起動、暗卡及夾箭片落下瞬間的右肩、肘於平行箭靶的 Y軸分量上的距離韻律式較大而垂直方向之 Z軸為機械式較大；雙腕的距離於夾箭片落下瞬間機械式向箭靶方向之 X軸較大而左掌、腕距離韻律式較大，夾箭片落下後 0.5秒瞬間韻律式的 X軸較大。結論：(一) 機械式伸展過箭右肩、肘及右肘、腕於放箭前至放箭瞬間採較向後及下之動作。(二) 夾箭片落下瞬間韻律式會有較多左腕關節屈曲的動作協助伸展過箭。(三) 夾箭片落下後 0.5秒瞬間韻律式雙手較為開展情況。(四) 不同伸展過箭技術動作在各時間點及軸向之關節間距離與射箭教學書籍所描述之動作特性相符。

 

Purpose: The study was to analyze elite archers’ kinematics in two different upper limb full draw extension skills (mechanical extension and rhythmic extension during archery release. Twenty elite archers with an average Olympic round score 660±9 points. Method: Twelve shooting trials per person for each full draw expansion skill were captured by the motion analysis system. The raw data were processed into parameters between events as starting drawing, anchor, fall of clicker to compare the difference between two skills. All statistical testing were performed with Microsoft excel software. The significance level was set at p<.05. Results: For mechanical extension, it showed that right shoulder to elbow joint distance projected in Y axis at drawing and anchor were bigger than rhythmic style extension, but smaller in Z axis . The distance between the right wrist and left wrist joint along X axis at fall of clicker was bigger in mechanical style than rhythm style, but smaller in mechanical style than rhythm style at fall down after 0.5s. Conclusion: (1) The right shoulder, right elbow and right wrist tend to keep more lower and backward for mechanical style extension than rhythmic style extension before release. (2) Left wrist for rhythmic style extension has more flexion to help archery release. (3) Rhythmic style extension for more demonstrated at extension between two wrists at fall down after 0.5s. (4) The parameters of two different extension skills on the distance between joints along three axes were consistent with the behavioral characteristics described in the archery teaching book.