應用運動生物力學概念發展太極拳教學策略

Applying Concepts of Sports Biomechanics into Developing the Teaching Strategies of Tai Chi Chuan

目的 : 本研究目的在透過實務教學進行行動研究，探討應用運動生物力學知識發展太極拳教學課程。方法 : 研究對象以中國文化大學選修研究者所開設之太極拳課程共4班，選課人數共141人，簽署同意書有82人，最後68人完成評量。每學期進行12週，每週1次，每次90分鐘的太極拳教學課程。開課前先研擬教材、講義與學習評量量表，學習評量分為兩大類，一類是太極拳動作學習與練習，另一類為應用運動生物力學知識輔助學習太極拳，各有18題。所得資料使用t考驗進行項目分析，因素分析分析構面，相依樣本t考驗檢定學習者期中與期末的差異。顯著水準定為α = .05。結果 : 分析發現各題目具有鑑別度 (p < .05)，經因素分析後可將36題評量分為四個構面，分別為太極拳演練、力量感知、人體結構與分辨身體狀況。四個構面在期中與期末學習評量上的比較，太極拳演練、力量感知、人體結構與分辨身體狀況等四構面均達到顯著差異 (p < .05)。結論 : 應用運動生物力學知識進行太極拳教學有助於提升學習者對於太極拳演練、力量感知、人體結構與分辨身體狀況。教學反思:對於教材份量的掌握不夠精確，若要多講授運動生物力學概念，則需要部份刪減太極拳動作教學的內容，以免影響學習成效。

 

Purpose: The purpose of this study through an action research to explore the application of the concepts of sports biomechanics into teaching Tai Chi Chuan course. Methods: There were 141 students from Chinese Culture University signed up the Tai Chi course, 82 of them agreed to participate this study, and only 68 students finished all the evaluations. This Tai Chi Chuan course conducted for 12 weeks, once a week with 90 minutes for each time. We have developed the teaching materials, handouts and learning questionnaires before taught the Tai Chi Chuan Course. The learning questionnaires included two parts, one for Tai Chi movement skills the other for sports biomechanics knowledge. There were 18 questions in each. The independent t-test, paired t-test, and factor analysis were utilized to analyze the data. The significant was set at the .05 level. Results: We found all of questions were distinguished. All questions could be constructed to 4 factors, including movement skills of Tai Chi, force perception, structure of human body, and physical condition. There were significant differences in movement skills of Tai Chi, force perception, structure of human body, and physical condition between mid-term and final-term tests (p < .05). Conclusion: It was useful that applied the concepts of sports biomechanics into developed the teaching strategies of Tai Chi Chuan for movement skills of Tai Chi, force perception, structure of human body, and physical condition. Reflection on teaching: It was important to make sure the content of teaching materials. We have to check the balance between the concepts of sports biomechanics and the movement skills of Tai Chi to avoid too much loading on learning.