優秀高爾夫選手使用一號木桿與五號鐵桿揮桿動作之運動學分析

A Study of Kinematics Analysis with Driver and Five Iron in the Elite Golfers

緒論：本研究主要探討優秀高爾夫球運動選手使用一號木桿與五號鐵桿揮桿時運動學、X因子與桿頭及彈道參數分析。方法：本實驗受試者為22位男性優秀高爾夫選手，分別使用一號木桿與五號鐵桿並以正常揮桿方式進行各擊10顆。本研究透過傳感器 (200Hz) 蒐集運動學參數，置放骨盆、軀幹與領導手腕等位置，蒐集其運動學參數與計算肢段下桿時角速度峰值與前彎、側彎與旋轉等角度，並分析上桿頂點與擊球X因子與下桿X因子延伸角度；並搭配多普勒雷達蒐集桿頭與彈道參數蒐集。本研究以相依樣本t檢定分析及球參數、彈道與運動學參數。結果：一號木桿的骨盆、軀幹與左手腕角速度峰值皆高於五號鐵桿。在上桿頂點一號木桿有較大之骨盆旋轉角度與軀幹前彎角度，而五號鐵桿骨盆與軀幹側彎角度較大。上桿頂點X因子與X因子延伸一號木桿都較大，擊球X因子未達顯著。彈道分析數據顯示一號木桿在揮桿速度、球速與總飛行距離大於五號鐵桿，五號鐵桿則在出球角度與球後旋轉速較大。結論：本研究結論優秀選手在使用一號木桿與五號鐵桿的運動學參數有顯著差異。一號木桿頂點位置時的X因子與下桿啟動時的X因子延伸角所產生的能量轉換到更快的骨盆、軀幹與領導手腕的速度峰值。兩者在上桿頂點有顯著差異，一號木桿有骨盆旋轉角度較大與X因子角度；而五號鐵桿在則是頂點較大骨盆與軀幹側彎角度，更利於從地面上擊球。本研究之結果可以提供未來高爾夫球教學時，教練可針對不同球桿區別其教法，以達到揮桿最有效率的結果。未來研究也可加入表面肌電資料的蒐集。

 

Introduction: The purpose of this study was to explore golf swing kinematics, the X-factor, golf clubs, and flight ballistic parameters through the analysis of elite golfers who use drivers and five irons. Method: The participants consisted of 22 elite professional golfers who volunteered to hit ten shots per club using their normal swing. To collect the kinematics data—such as the angular velocity, anterior bend, lateral bend, and rotation angles of pelvis and torso segments—this study employed IMU sensors (200 Hz) by placing them on the pelvis, torso, and leading wrists of the participants. The study also analyzed the X-factor and the X-factor stretch at the top of the backswing, downswing, and impact. Furthermore, the Doppler radar was employed to capture the club-head and ballistic parameters. A dependent samples t-test was conducted to assess the variables, which were set at α = .05. Result: The results suggested that the driver has higher peak speed for the pelvis, torso and lead wrist than the five iron. It also showed that, at the top of the backswing, the driver has larger pelvic rotation angle and torso anterior tilt angle, while the five iron has larger lateral tilt on pelvis and the torso. Moreover, the driver has more X-factor and the X-factor stretch at the top of the backswing. However, the X-factor at impact is not significant. The ballistic analysis indicated that the driver has larger club-head speed, ball speed and carry distance, while the five iron has larger launch angle and backspin. Conclusion: In conclusion, the swing kinematics significantly differ for elite players depending on the use of a driver and five iron.