不同等級射箭選手回拉放箭動作之分析

Analysis of the Action of Forward-Release for Different Level Archers

目的：為比較優秀與次優秀射箭選手放箭時期肘部回拉放箭動作的差異，並探討回拉放箭與箭著位置及全項單局成績之相關性。方法：研究對象為優秀射箭選手5名，平均全項成績為1286.2 ± 25.3分和次優秀射箭選手5名平均全項成績為1182.8 ± 12.9分。利用Trouble shooter高速攝影機 (500Hz) 收集選手放箭拉弓臂手肘位移情形，並利用Sony數位攝影機 (60Hz) 收集選手每箭箭著位置，參數包含：回拉機率、回拉距離、回拉速度、回拉時間、放箭反應時間及箭著位置進行獨立樣本t檢定，考驗兩組不同等級選手回拉放箭技術參數在上肢運動學差異情形，並利用Pearson積差相關分析來探討拉弓臂手肘回拉放箭與箭著位置，以及拉弓臂手肘回拉放箭與全項成績之相關。結果：優秀組選手在回拉的機率、回拉距離及回拉時間均顯著低於次優秀組選手，優秀組選手的放箭反應時間顯著較次優秀組選手短。全項單局成績較佳的選手其拉弓臂手肘回拉機率、回拉距離及回拉時間都明顯較低，呈顯著負相關。結論：雖優秀選手仍有回拉動作，但降低回拉機率、回拉距離及回拉時間可有助於射箭表現。放箭反應時間較短有助於射箭成績表現，且利用高速攝影機拍攝與資料量化分析可作為有效檢測放箭反應時間之工具。

 

Purpose: The study was to compare the elbow kinematics between elite and sub-elite archers’ Forward-Release of drawing arm, and the relationship of kinematic of elbow joint during release phase and FITA round scores. Methods: Five for elite archers, with an average FITA round score 1286.2±25.3 points and five for the sub-elite archers with an average FITA round score 1182.8±12.9 points. Trouble shooter speed camera (500Hz) were used for data collection of archer movement and the displacement of the elbow joint of drawing arm were calculated and the arrow accuracy were derived by using Sony digital camera (60Hz) recording each position of the arrow. The parameters included the occurring rate of Forward-Release, the translation bias of Forward-Release, the time of Forward-Release, the reaction time of Forward-Release and the accuracy of arrow point. Independent sample t-test were used to test two different levels of archers, and using Pearson product-moment correlation analysis to investigate the relationship of Forward-Release and FITA round scores. Results: The occurring rate of Forward-Release, translation bias of Forward-Release and the time of Forward-Release are negatively correlative to FITA Round scores. The occurring rate of Forward-Release, translation bias of Forward-Release and the time of Forward-Release in the elite archers is significantly lower than in the sub-elite archers. The reaction time of Forward-Release also showed significantly shorter in elite archers than sub-elite archers. Conclusion: By reduce the occurring rate of Forward-Release, translation bias of Forward-Release or the time of Forward-Release can help the archery performance. Shortening the reaction time of release can help the shooting performance, the high speed camera can be an effective tool for measure the reaction time of release.