1965～2017玩興研究評論

Review of Playfulness Research: 1965-2017

本研究旨在系統性地評論玩興研究的發展，以清華大學資源探索系統所蒐集到1965～2017年間26篇玩興研究為研究標的，其中有10篇為西方玩興研究、16篇為東方的研究，資料分析聚焦在玩興研究定義、內涵的發展，以及東、西方文化對玩興研究的差異。本研究的重要發現有四項：一、早期的玩興研究關注身體的自發性、社會自發性、認知自發性、外顯愉悅以及具幽默感，甚至近代多數研究仍依此做改變，也有研究以個人特質來形容玩興的高低，另有研究提出環境及氣氛與玩興有極大的相關性。二、玩興研究的內涵大都強調自發性、外顯愉悅、幽默感、童心未泯、突破舊有嘗試新事物與解決問題六個層面。三、本研究發現早期的玩興研究對象分為成人與孩童兩個部分，孩童玩興與成人玩興的最大差別在於有無意識行為的目的性，直到近代才開始將群體玩興從個體研究中分開，因此可分別為孩童玩興、成人玩興及組織玩興氣氛研究。四、東、西方在玩興研究的差異，西方成人玩興的產生偏向無目的或無理由的，東方則認為玩興的產生能夠積極達成目標或解決問題。

This study aims to systematically comment on the development of playfulness research. The research object is based on 26 research articles collected by the National Tsinghua University Resource Exploration System from 1965 to 2017. Among them, 10 are western research and 16 are oriental studies. Data analysis focuses on the definition of playfulness research, the development of connotation, and the differences between Eastern and Western cultures. There are four important findings in this study: First, early playful research focused on the body’s spontaneity, social spontaneity, cognitive spontaneity, pleasure, and sense of humor. Even most modern studies still make changes based on this research, and some studies describe the level of play with personal traits. Other studies suggest that the environment and atmosphere are highly correlated with playfulness. Secondly, the connotation of playfulness research mostly emphasizes the six levels of spontaneity, explicit pleasure, humor, and childlike innocence, breaking through the old and trying new things and solving problems. Furthermore, this study found that the early stage of playfulness research is divided into two parts: adult and child. The biggest difference between children’s playfulness and adult playfulness is the purpose of unconscious behavior. It was until the modern times that group playfulness was separated from individual research, so it was possible to study children’s playfulness, adult playfulness and organizational playfulness. Finally, the differences between the East and the West in the study of playfulness, the western adult play is biased towards no purpose or no reason, the east believes that the emergence of play is able to actively achieve goals or solve problems.