不同踏板長度蹲踞式起跑之運動學分析

The Kinematics Analysis on Different Blocks Length of Crouch Start

目的：本研究主要目的為探討不同踏板長度蹲踞式起跑對起跑動作技術之影響。方法：以一部高速攝影機 (120Hz) 拍攝6位高中短距離選手 (年齡17 ± 0.89歲，身高1.74 ± 0.06公尺，體重62.83 ± 6.24公斤，參與訓練年齡6 ± 0.63年，百公尺最佳成績11.46 ± 0.45秒) 於長踏板 (LB) 與短踏板 (SB) 起跑架上預備動作鳴槍出發至著地後第一步離地的影像，並使用Kwon3D 影像動作軟體進行分析，所得運動學參數以無母數魏可遜符號等級檢定與效果量分析，比較不同踏板長度起跑架對選手起跑技術上的差異，顯著水準為 α = .05。結果：長、短踏板在起跑各階段的時間均未達顯著差異。不同踏板長度在各階段膝關節角度方面，長、短踏板在預備階段及前腳蹬離踏板瞬間膝關節角度二者間均達顯著差異，長踏板膝關節角度顯著較短踏板來得大，膝關節發力角度均在合理範圍內；在第一步步幅表現上二者間有達顯著差異，長踏板第一步步幅顯著較短踏板來得長。結論：建議使用長踏板起跑架訓練，強化預備階段選手抬臀高度之穩定性，確保前、後腳膝關節角度達到適合發揮肌力力量運用之角度並強化前、後腳推蹬的技術能力，提升起跑速度。

 

Purpose: The main purpose of this study was to examine the effects of different length of starting blocks on crouch start. Methods: A high-speed camera (120Hz) was used to shoot six high school sprinters’ start movements with Long block (LB) and Short block (SB). (The mean age, height, weights, training age and 100m best records of the subjects were 17 ± 0.89 years, 1.74 ± 0.06 meters, 62.83 ± 6.24 kg, 6 ± 0.63 years, and 11.46 ± 0.45 seconds, respectively) The movements were analyzed by Kwon 3D software from the shot to the take-off point of the first step after starting. The variables were compared by the Wilcoxon matched-paired signed rank nonparametric statistical test and effect size analysis at a .05 significant level. Results: There were no significant time differences between long block or short block to starting. Though the duration time of all phases of long block were a little faster than the short block there were no significant differences between long block or short block. The both knee joint angles in the phase of set phase and the leaving block point of the front knee joint angle of the long block were significant less than short block. Moreover, considering the stride length of the first step, the distance of long block was significantly greater than short one. Conclusion: Experiments demonstrate that training with long block might obtain better performance. It is suggested that using long block to training. Strengthen the stability of players’ height of hip when they are in set position. Make sure reach the suitable angle of front and rear knee joint for unleashing the strength of muscle strength. And strengthen the technical ability of front and rear feet to pushing off, improve the velocity of starting.