感恩、自尊與憂鬱之研究：中介效果模式驗證

Exploring the Relationship Among Gratitude, Self-Esteem, and Depression: A Test of Mediated-Effects Model

本研究旨在利用中介效果模式，分析感恩、自尊及憂鬱之關聯性。以往相關研究多採用直接效果模式，本研究採取中介效果模式，以進一步了解感恩是如何透過自尊的中介途徑而對憂鬱造成影響。本研究採問卷調查法，蒐集臺灣地區450位大學生資料，研究工具包括感恩量表、自尊量表及憂鬱量表，以積差相關、結構方程模式等統計方法進行資料分析。本研究主要獲得兩項結論：一、就兩兩變項的直接效果而言，感恩不僅能正向影響自尊，感恩及自尊二者亦能負向影響憂鬱；二、以三個變項整體關係視之，感恩會透過自尊的中介作用而間接對憂鬱造成負向影響。最後針對本研究發現，提供實務應用及未來研究建議。

This study analyzed the relationships among gratitude, self-esteem, and depression via a mediated-effects model. In the past, the use of directed-effects models did not address important theoretical issues concerning the means through which individuals’ gratitude achieves an impact on depression, or how contextual forces influence the effect of gratitude on depression. Using structural equation modeling (SEM), we examined the relationship between gratitude and depression as mediated by the condition of self-esteem. A survey was used to gather responses from a sample of 450 college students from freshman to seniors in Taiwan. Three related questionnaires were used to measure the major variables. Data were analyzed using Pearson’s correlation and SEM. The main findings were as follows: (1) The results from a directed-effects model showed that gratitude has positive effect on self-esteem. Moreover, both gratitude and self-esteem have negative impact on depression. (2) The results from a mediated-effects model indicated that self-esteem did entail the fully mediated effect of gratitude on depression. According to results, some implications, limitations and future research directions were discussed at the end of this paper.