以計畫行為理論為觀點探討大學生之性行為意圖

An Empirical Study of Sex Behavior Intention of College Students Based on Theory of Planned Behavior

隨著社會風氣日益開放，性禁忌及性自主日益被突破。大學生社會經驗較少、平均收入也較差，若過早養育後代，可能會缺乏足夠的時間及資源給下一代，而導致許多社會問題。但剛成年而完全擁有自主權的大學生，真的會不經深思熟慮就輕易的發生性行為嗎？還是發生性行為本來就是他們計畫中的呢？基於以上原因，本研究主要是利用計畫行為理論瞭解大學生對於性知識、性態度及自我效能對性行為意圖之關係。本研究回收381份來自南台灣不同學門之大學生問卷，進行分析各項因子間之關係，分析大學生性行為意圖及實際發生性行為的影響因素外，也比較醫護學科與非醫護學科之大學生對於性行為意圖影響因素的差異。研究結果證實，性知識對大學生之性態度及性行為規範的影響力達到統計上的顯著性，但對性行為自我效能是沒有影響性的。而性行為規範與性行為自我效能程度愈高的人，與性態度愈低的人相較，性行為意圖愈高漲，但就算是具備高漲的意圖，與大學生真實發生性行為卻是無關的。醫護科系大學生在性態度、性行為自我效能及有無性經驗上與非醫護科系大學生達到統計上的顯著差異。因此，本研究認為，雖然在法令規範上大學生已具備行為自主性，但由於缺乏社會經驗，仍需以性行為規範協助制止發生不夠安全之性行為。爰此，建議相關教育或輔導人員能適時地對大學生之性態度進行評量，以找出較無克制能力之大學生，並在學習過程中加強兩性交往之相關課程，讓大學生能確實掌握性行為發生前中後的狀況，以提升其自我效能程度，期能降低大學生在學期間之性行為發生機會。

Sex taboos and sex autonomy have achieved breakthroughs following an increasingly open social trend. Because of college students’ lack of social experience and low average income, becoming a parent too early may result in lack of time and resources for the next generation; many social problems will arise accordingly. However, are college students, who have total autonomy, prone to having sex without planning? Do college students have everything planned out prior to engaging in sex? Based on the aforementioned considerations, the researchers used the theory of planned behavior to explore the relationship between college students’ sex knowledge, sex attitude, and self-efficacy of sex intentions. Three hundred eighty-one questionnaires were collected from the students of different universities in southern Taiwan for the analysis of the correlations among various factors and understanding the relationship between sex intentions and actual sex behavior. In addition, this study also compared differences in the understanding of sex intentions between medical and non-medical college students. The results verified that the influence of sex knowledge on college students’ sex attitude and sex behavior regulation achieved statistical significance, although it had no effect on the self-efficacy of sex behavior. Students with high sex behavior regulation and self-efficacy of sex behavior, together with a low sex attitude, had high sex intention. However, high sex intention was irrelevant to college students’ actual sex behavior. In terms of the differences between majors, the sex attitude, self-efficacy of sex behavior, and experiences in sexual intercourse of medical students were statistically significant compared to those of non-medical students. This study thus argues that despite college students legally possessing behavioral autonomy, they still require regulations on sex behavior to prevent unsafe sex due to their inadequate social experience. Therefore, the relevant education or counseling professionals are suggested to evaluate students’ sex attitude in a timely manner to identify college students with lower than average self-control. Relevant courses on relationships between the sexes should also be enhanced throughout the course of learning to enable college students to truly grasp social situations before and after having sex, in order to improve their self-efficacy and reduce the chances of having sex during their college years.