蒙特梭利的教師圖像

Teacher’s Image of Maria Montessori

本研究旨在描繪蒙特梭利的教師圖像，主要選用的研究資料包括四本原著的英譯本，同時對照中譯本與國內外相關文獻，運用詮釋學的研究方法進行操作，主要研究結果分成教師的內在態度和外在儀表兩大部分。在教師的內在態度方面：一、教師必須對幼兒懷有一份絕對的尊重之情；二、教師必須在精神上省察自己，除去心中的驕傲，學會如何謙虛的美德，並使自身獲得在精神上所需要的平衡與風度；三、教師必須以溫暖的方式對待幼兒，幼兒會將自己的母親理想化，將教師視為母親，成為他世界中重要的一部分；四、教師觀察幼兒時必須耐心等待，保持冷靜，仔細地觀察幼兒的各種細小變化，並謹慎地完成實際觀察工作。在教師的外在儀表方面：一、教師是環境的中心要素，教師的外表必須是整潔的，乃是贏得幼兒信心與尊敬的第一步；二、教師的專業形象必須是吸引人的、令人愉快的，看起來是端莊的；三、教師必須注意自己的舉止，盡可能放慢腳步，而展現出優雅的動作。本研究依據蒙特梭利的七個教師圖像，分別提出案例進行討論與分析，藉此反思當前幼教師的困境，最後針對蒙特梭利的教師理念提出評析，以供參考。

The study aims to portrait Maria Montessori’s (1870-1952) image as a teacher. The selective research materials in this study include English versions of four original books, contrasting to Chinese translated versions and relevant literature from Taiwan and abroad. Through the application of the research method Hermeneutics, findings are divided into two parts, including the inner attitude of teacher and external appearance of teacher. There are four aspects of inner attitude as a teacher. First, teachers must absolutely respect children. Second, teachers must inspect their own mentally, shed arrogance, and learn to be humble to acquire the balance and demeanor needed by spirit. Third, teachers must treat children with warmth, because children will idealize their mothers and regard teachers as mothers. Thus, teachers will play an important role in children’s life. Lastly, teachers must wait with patience, stay calm, carefully examine slight changes of children, and bear discretion when they observe children. For the requirements of external appearance as a teacher, there are three aspects. First, because teacher is the central element, the appearance of teachers must be tidy and clean. This is the first step to win children’s confidence and respect. Second, the professional images of teachers must be attractive, pleasant and dignified. Third, teachers must pay attention to their behaviors by slowing down and demonstrate elegance. To rethink about the teacher’s plight after preschool education reform, the study proposes different cases to discuss and analyze these seven teacher’s images of Maria Montessori. The study will point out the possibility of teacher’s professional growth in the modern era as conclusion.