國內大學專任教師人才特性現況之研究：以洋土博士之進用、系出國外大學名校及學術近親繁殖為例

The Study on the State-of-the-Art Characteristics of Full-Time Faculty in Taiwan: Taking the Appointment of Foreign/Local PhD Holders, Graduates of Foreign Prestigious Universities, and Academic Inbreeding as Example

為回應國內學術專業文獻的缺口，本研究旨在以全國數據，並以洋土博士之進用、系出國外大學名校及學術近親繁殖為例，呈現國內大學專任教師人才特性之現況，及其在機構與領域間的差異。本研究共以28839位教師做為分析樣本（占全國具博士學位專任教師的81%），主要研究結果包括：一、全國洋博士與本土博士教師的比例各占50%，24%的教師為系出國外名校，4%的教師有學術近親繁殖背景，25%的教師取有國內特定頂尖大學博士學位；二、機構群在土洋博士之進用、近親繁殖上有顯著差異，但領域間則無顯著差異；三、相較其他機構群，特定頂尖大學群與全體國立大學群聘有較高比例的洋博士、系出國外名校及有學術近親繁殖背景的教師；四、再與現有文獻及國際數據比較，國內知覺學術近親繁殖為「嚴重」的現象，就現有事實性數據而言，恐為過於誇大的說法。最後，依據研究結果，提出討論及後續研究建議。

To fill the literature gap on academic profession in Taiwan, the study aims to adopt the national-wide statistics to understand the state-of-the-art characteristics of faculty members in terms of foreign/local PhD holders, graduates of foreign prestigious universities, and academic inbreeding, and the differences between institutions and academic areas. There are 28,839 cases selected, representing 81% of the full-time faculty members with PhD degrees. Main findings include: 1. Nationally, 50% of faculty members are with foreign PhD holders and 50% with local ones. 24% of them were graduates of foreign prestigious universities. 4% of them are with academic inbreeding background. The percentage of them who were graduates of the Taiwan’s prestigious universities ranges from 21% to 30%. 2. For the characteristics above, the significant differences among institutions exist in appointment of foreign/local PhD holders and academic inbreeding, but no significant differences between academic areas. 3. Compared to other institutional groups, the prestigious universities and national universities have appointed higher percentages of faculty members with foreign PhD degree holders, of graduates of foreign prestigious universities, and with academic inbreeding background. 4. compared to the existing literature and international figures, the claim that academic inbreeding in Taiwan is severe might be exaggerated. Finally, the discussion and further suggestions are proposed.